PYCNONOTUS XANTHOPYGUS. 
(PALESTINE BULBUL.) 
Ixus canthopygos, Ehr. Symb. Phys. Av. fol. 66 (1829). 
Lxos vaillantii, C. L. Brehm, Vogelfang, p. 221 (1855, nec Temm.). 
Izos vallombrose, Bp. Compt. Rend. xlii. p. 766 (1856). 
Izxos xanthopygius (Ehr.), Tristram, Ibis, 1859, p. 30. 
Ixus xanthopygius (Ehy.), Tristram, Ibis, 1865, p. 81. 
Pycnonotus valombrose (Bp.), Heuglin, J. fiir Orn. 1867, p. 203. 
Pycnonotus xanthopygius (Ehr.), Sharpe, P. Z. 8. 1871, p. 131. 
Pycnonotus nigricans, Hartlaub, Griech. Jahreszeiten, iii. p. 229 (1875, nec Vieill.). 
Figura nulla. 
3 ad. capite et collo superiore nitidé nigris: corpore supra pallidé cinereo-umbrino: remigibus primariis 
umbrinis, secundariis dorso concoloribus: uropygio saturatiore: caud& saturaté umbrina, pallideé 
brunneo vix apicaté: corpore subtus albido vix cinereo tincto, pectore et hypochondriis cinereo- 
brunneo lavatis, crisso et subcaudalibus leté flavis: rostro et pedibus nigris: iride rufescenti-fusca, 
marginibus palpebrarum pallidé brunneis. 
2 ad. haud a mare distinguenda. 
Adult Male (Syria). Entire head and upper neck glossy black, not merging into the colour of the rest of 
the upper parts and lower throat, but clearly and sharply defined; upper parts dusty ashy brown, 
becoming umber-brown on the primaries, the upper tail-coverts being also rather darker than the rest 
of the upper parts; tail umber-brown, with rather paler tips to the feathers; underparts dull white, 
washed with pale ashy brown on the breast and flanks; vent and under tail-coverts brilliant king’s- 
yellow; bill and legs black ; iris dark brown; edge of the eyelid light-coloured. Total length 7-5-8 
inches, culmen 0:7, wing 3°7, tail 3°8, tarsus 0°9. 
Adult Female. Similar to the male. 
Tue range of this Bulbul is somewhat limited, as it occurs only in the south-eastern portion of 
the western Palearctic Region. According to Dr. Kriiper it has been met with in the Greek 
archipelago; for he writes (Griech. Jahresz. ii. p. 229) as follows:—“ This species, which is 
tolerably common at Beyrout and Damascus, in Syria, and also occurs at Cyprus and Rhodes, 
visits the Cyclades annually ; and a few examples have been obtained there. I did not personally 
meet with it, but obtained three sittings of eggs on Naxos.” Except this note of Dr. Krier, 
I have no data whatever of its occurrence in Europe proper; but it is extremely common in 
Palestine, where, Canon Tristram writes (Ibis, 1859, p. 30), “it was found in all parts of the 
country, wherever there is wood or gardens, from Jaffa to the Jordan. In its skulking habits it 
exactly resembles the [vos obscurus of Algeria; but its brilliant saffron vent renders it conspicuous 
it 
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