ORIOLUS GALBULA. 
(GOLDEN ORIOLE.) 
Turdus oriolus, Briss. ii. p. 320 (1760). 
Oriolus galbula, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 160 (1766). 
Coracias oriolus, Scop. Ann. I. Hist. Nat. p. 41. no. 45 (1769). 
Le Loriot, Montb. Hist. Nat. Ois. ii. p. 254, pl. xvii. (1785). 
Coracias galbula (L.), Bechst. Gemeinn. Naturg. Vog. Deutschl. i. p. 1292 (1805). 
Oriolus galbula, var. virescens, Ehr. Symb. Phys. fol. z (1829). 
Oriolus aureus, C. L. Brehm, Vog. Deutschl. p. 156 (1831). 
Oriolus garrulus, C. L. Brehm, op. cit. p. 157 (1831). 
Loriot, French; Papa-figos, Portuguese; Oropendola, Spanish; Rigogolo, Italian; Taira 
safra, Taira hadra, Maltese; Sufer, Arabic; Tair-es-sfar, Moorish; Goldamsel, Pirol, 
Wiedewall, Witwell, German; Wielewall, Dutch; Guldpirol, Danish; Sommargylling, 
Swedish; Auhankeittajd, Finnish; Ivolga, Russian. 
Figure notabiles. 
D’Aubenton, Pl. Enl. 26. fig. 1; Werner, Atlas, Omnivores, pl. 15; Kjzeerb. Orn. Dan. taf. xiii. ; 
Frisch, Vog. Deutschl. taf. 31; Fritsch, Vog. Eur. taf. 14. figs. 7, 8; Naumann, Vog. 
Deutschl. taf. 61; Sundevall, Svensk. Fogl. pl. 67. fig. 2; Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 71; id. 
B. of G. Brit. ii. pl. 831; Schlegel, Vog. Nederl. pls. 115,114; Roux, Orn. Prov. pls. 125, 
126, 127. 
g ad. pulcherrimé flavus, loris, alis et cauda nigris: remigibus vix sulphureo extts marginatis et apicatis: 
margine alari et subalaribus flavis, tectricibus primariorum eodem colore terminatis: rectricibus externis 
valdé, internis mints et centralibus vix flavo apicatis: rostro sordidé rufescente: iride rufescente : 
pedibus plumbescenti-griscis. 
@ ad. mari dissimilis, supra flavicanti-viridis, subtis alba fusco striata, pectore et hypochondriis flavo lavatis, 
crisso et subcaudalibus flavis, alis ut in mare sed brunnescentioribus, secundariis et tectricibus alarum 
viridi-flavo lavatis: cauda ut in mare picturata, sed rectricibus in pogonio externo omnino nigris: loris 
nigricanti-fuscis. 
Adult Male (Malta, April 21). Entire plumage, except the wings and tail, rich golden yellow; a broad 
stripe from the base of the bill to the eye, covering the lores, deep black; wings jet-black, the quills 
tipped and externally narrowly margined with yellowish white or sulphur-yellow; edge of the wing and 
under wing-coverts rich yellow, the primary coverts being broadly terminated with the same colour; 
tail black, broadly terminated with yellow, the outer rectrices being more broadly, and the inner ones 
less marked with this colour, the central rectrices black, only narrowly tipped with yellow; bill dull 
reddish; iris blood-red; legs lead-grey. Total length about 9-9°5 inches, culmen 0:95, wing 5:9, 
tail 3°6, tarsus 0°85. 
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