424 
2 
the black streak through the eye not so distinct; the back darker brown, the feathers somewhat washed 
with dull ochre. 
Obs. Whatever doubt may enshroud the original haunts of some of the species of birds which are now 
found in the Western Palearctic Region, there can be no hesitation in discerning the locality whence 
the genus Telephonus first came into Europe. It is a peculiarly African type of Shrike, and there is 
apparently not a part of the Ethiopian Region where a species of this genus is absent. All over Africa 
there exists a small species very much resembling the Algerian bird in plumage, but always less in 
size, and differing notably in the length of the tarsus. In Southern Africa occurs the 7. longirostris of 
Swainson, and in North-east Africa another distinct species, 7. remigialis of Fimsch and Hartlaub, is 
met with: again on the Gold Coast two species are found, viz. 7. minutus of Hartlaub and T. anchiete 
of Bocage, the latter of which has only lately been described from Angola. Captain Shelley, how- 
ever, recently procured it on the Gold Coast; and specimens from the same locality are in Sharpe’s 
collection. It differs from 7. minutus only in the absence of a white eyebrow, and may be the male of 
that bird. Besides these distinct species and the resident Tschagra Shrike of the African continent, 
there can be little doubt that the same species which is found in Algeria also occurs in South-eastern 
Africa; for Sharpe’s collection contains specimens which cannot be distinguished from Algerian 
examples. 
Tus bird is one of the few forms which belong, zoologically speaking, to other portions of the 
globe, and yet occur within the limits of the present work. It has been included in former 
treatises on the birds of Europe on account of its supposed capture in Spain; but there is at 
present absolutely no evidence that it has occurred in that country, and Mr. Howard Saunders 
says that it is not found in any list of Spanish birds. Lord Lilford, however, believes that it 
sometimes visits the extreme south-west of Spain; and Major Irby has given us the following 
note on the subject:—“ The late M. Favier, whose MS. is now in my possession, says that the 
Tschagra does cross over to Spain. All I can say is that, during my five years’ residence I never 
saw one, though it is a conspicuous bird, and one which I know well from having seen and shot it in 
Morocco; however, on showing a skin to some bird-catchers at Tarifa, they professed to recognize 
it, and even called it ‘Alcaudon carnicero, a name I never heard applied to any other Shrike. 
I have since heard of one having been procured near Cadiz; but until an actual specimen is 
examined, it cannot of course be reckoned as a Spanish bird, although I have little doubt that it 
does occasionally occur near Tarifa, as it is not rare on the opposite coast of Tangier, only nine 
miles distant.” The statement of MM. Degland and Gerbe that this species has been killed in 
the western departments of France, especially in Brittany, is surely wide of the truth, as is 
undoubtedly the reputed occurrence of the Tschagra in Britain, as set forth by M. Dubois. 
Whether the present species remains in Northern Africa all the year round, and migrates to 
Southern Africa, is a question which remains to be settled. Canon Tristram writes respecting 
the bird in Algeria :—“The Hooded Shrike is not a desert bird, but is only a summer visitant to 
the Tell, retiring, however, very late, as I have met with birds of the year at the end of October. 
It seems strictly confined to the forest districts.” His collection contains specimens procured 
between September and May. In Sharpe’s cabinet are two examples sent by Mr. T. Atmore 
from Eland’s post, $.-E. Africa, and obtained near that place in May and June. It is therefore 
possible, though we scarcely imagine it to be the case, that the Hooded Shrike breeds in Northern 
