460 
2 
Adult Female (Smyrna, 25th April). So closely resembles the female of the Pied Flycatcher that I can find 
no character by which it may always be distinguished, though, as a rule, the present species appears to 
have the white on the base of the primaries more extended and a slightly shorter tarsus. Like the 
female Pied Flycatcher it has the outer webs of the three outer rectrices white, and has thus much 
more white on the tail than the male. 
Tue White-collared Flycatcher inhabits Southern and Central Europe during the breeding- 
season, retiring into Africa for the winter, and has been met with as far east as Persia. It has 
been included in our British avifauna on the authority of Mr. Gould, who said that he 
recollected having seen a specimen in the flesh in the possession of Mr. Leadbeater, but he 
knew no further particulars respecting it. In his ‘ Birds of Great Britain’ he says that this 
specimen probably went to the late Mr. Lombe, who had a collection of British birds. As 
there is no proof of any specimen ever having been killed here, the above being the only datum 
on which it has been included in our British list, I think it premature to consider it a British 
species. 
It does not occur in Norway, but has been added to the Swedish list within the last thirty 
years by Mr. Meves, of the Stockholm Museum, a well-known ornithologist, who, in 1846, met 
with it in Gottland, where it is said to be more common than the Pied Flycatcher. He says, in 
a small pamphlet on a journey he made to the coast, that he has observed it at Borgholm and 
Ottenby in May, and remarks that he believes that it was overlooked previous to 1846, or 
mistaken for the Pied Flycatcher, and that it is not a species that has of late years extended 
its range to Gottland, in support of which belief its annual appearance so far to the westward 
as Wermland may be mentioned. I do not find any record of its occurrence in Finland or the 
northern portion of Russia; but Mr. L. Sabanaeff says that it is occasionally met with in the 
Government of Moscow during the spring migration, and also occurs in those of Kazan and Kieff; 
and Daniloff states that it remains to breed. Sabandaeff does not include it in his list of the birds 
found in the Ural. Mr. Fischer speaks of it (J. f. O. 1872, p. 388) as being the rarest of the Fly- 
catchers found in the St.-Petersburg district, and he has known it sold for as much as 8 roubles 
(22 shillings). I have no data as to its occurrence in the Baltic Provinces and Poland; but it is 
certainly found in Northern Germany. Borggreve (Vogelf. Nord-D. p. 99) writes that it is a 
not uncommon visitant from the south, and has been observed in various parts of the country. 
It has occurred at least twice in the Thtringer Wald in the spring; and Gloger records it from 
Silesia; Boeck states that it has been met with near Danzig; and Tobias says that it has once 
occurred in Ober-Lausitz. Schafer says that it inhabits the wooded districts near the Mosel; but 
this is doubted by Borggreve, who never saw it there; and I may add that, though I frequently 
obtained MV. atricapilla in that district, I never met with the present species. Dr. E. Rey 
remarks that it has only lately settled as a summer resident near Halle a.S. He first observed 
a male in 1865 at Lauchstadt; in 1870 a pair nested close to Halle, and in 1871 a pair also bred 
in a nest-box in the main promenade in that town. Herr Carl Vangerow records it as being 
found, though rarely, near Berlin, and adds (J. f. O. 1855, p. 186) that it has been met with 
breeding in the Zoological Gardens of that town; and, referring to its occurrence in the Rhine 
country, Mr. Borggreve adds (J. f. O. 1871, p. 220) that it is not rare in the vicinity of Cologne 
