3 
during the spring migration, though not seen every year. It is found in Denmark during the 
spring migration, but is rare. Kjerbolling says that Mr. Scheel shot one in a garden at Stege, 
on Moen, in April 1851, and that it has also been met with on Fyen. 
Respecting its occurrence in Holland Mr. H. M. Labouchere writes to me as follows:— 
“Though very rare, it has several times been observed in Holland. According to Professor 
Schlegel a nest of this bird was once found near Amsterdam, and another was discovered in the 
botanical garden at Groningen. In May 1867, I myself observed one of these birds flying about 
in the elms bordering one of the canals in Amsterdam ; and, taking into consideration the season 
of the year, it is not unlikely that it may have been breeding in the neighbourhood.” Baron de 
Selys-Longchamps says that in Belgium it is of very rare occurrence; and although Degland and 
Gerbe state that it nests in tolerable abundance in Lorraine, yet De la Fontaine, who paid 
especial attention, for many years, to the natural history of that province, considers it to be 
decidedly rare there, and scarcely found beyond the limits of the large forests, except during 
passage. In the south of France it is a mere visitant; but in Savoy some pairs breed, according 
to Bailly, especially in the moister parts of the forest about Chamounix, Maurienne, and 
Tarentaise. 
Professor Barboza du Bocage records it as a common species in the northern portion of 
Portugal; and the Rev. A. C. Smith says (Ibis, 1868, p. 438) that it is stated to be common in 
the northern provinces of Minho and Tras os Montes, especially in the wilder portions of the 
latter. In Spain it is stated by Guirao to remain throughout the summer near Murcia, where it 
is not abundant ; and Dr. A. EK. Brehm says that he found it rare during passage, and obtained 
a single specimen at Masnou, in Catalonia. Mr. Howard Saunders says (Ibis, 1871, p. 206) that 
he saw a male of this species at Seville in March 1868. In Italy it is somewhat local; but it 
breeds in Tuscany and the Modenese, whilst in Sicily it is tolerably common, especially during 
the spring and autumn migrations. Mr. A. B. Brooke met with it not uncommonly in Sardinia ; 
and Mr. C. A. Wright records it from Malta, and writes (Ibis, 1864, p. 59) as follows:—‘< It 
arrives and departs about the same time as JZ. atricapilla, but is less common.” Schembri, in 
his Catalogue, has confounded these two birds, as only JZ. aldicollis is given, to which is attached 
the English name “ Pied Flycatcher.” The late Captain Rowland M. Sperling says that he 
found it “‘common in Malta and Corfu during the summer months;” and Lord Lilford writes 
(Ibis, 1860, p. 230) that he “‘ observed several of these birds in May 1857 near Pelleka, in the 
island of Corfu.” Both Von der Miihle and Lindermayer include it in their lists of the birds 
found in Greece, the former stating that he only observed it during migration, but thinks it 
may breed in Rumelia; and the latter says that it is not known to breed in Greece, but is met 
with in May on passage, and is said not to occur on the islands in the Archipelago. In Southern 
Germany it appears to be not uncommon in some localities. Dr. Anton Fritsch (J. f. O. 1871, 
p- 200) says that in Bohemia it is “rarer than Jf. atricapilla, but is occasionally to be found in 
the markets.” Mr. Lokaj kept one alive for over a year. Seidensacher says that he observed it 
here and there in Styria, at Hartberg, Fehring, Gratz, and Cilli during the breeding-season, and 
some few bred regularly in the oak-woods near Neustadtl, where he took many nests. It pro- 
bably occurs on the Lower Danube. Messrs. Eiwes and Buckley record it from Turkey; and I 
have specimens collected near Constantinople. In Southern Russia, according to Professor von 
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