COTYLE RIPARIA., 
(SAND-MARTIN.) 
Hirundo riparia, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 344 (1766). 
Hirundo cinerea, Vieill. Nouv. Dict. xiv. p. 526 (1817). 
Cotyle riparia (L.), Boie, Isis, 1822, p. 550. 
Cotyle fluviatilis, C. L. Brehm, Vog. Deutschl. p. 142 (1831). 
Chelidon microrhynchos, C. L. Brehm, tom, cit. p. 143 (1831). 
Cotyle palustris, Cab. Mus. Hein. i. p. 49 (1850, nec Steph.). 
“Cotyle littoralis, Hemp. & Ehr.,” Licht. Nomencl. p. 61 (1854). 
Sand-Martin, Bank-Swallow, English; Mallag, Gaelic; Hirondelle de rivage, French; 
Golondrina de ribera, Oroneta, Spanish; Topino, Italian; Uferschwalbe, German ; 
Zandzwaluw, Dutch; Diigsvale, Sandsvale, Danish; Strandsvala, Jordsvala, Swedish ; 
Strandsvale, Norwegian; Rantapdisky, Tormépdédsky, Finnish ; Lastochka-semliannaya, 
Russian. 
Figure notabiles. 
D’Aubenton, Pl. Enl. 345. fig. 2; Werner, Atlas, Chélidones, pl. 4; Kjerb. Orn. Dan. 
taf. xiv.; Frisch, Vog. Deutschl. taf. 18; Fritsch, Vog. Eur. taf. 24. figs. 1, 2; Naumann, 
Vog. Deutschl. taf. 146. figs. 1, 2; Sundevall, Sv. Fog]. pl. xvii. fig. 7; Gould, B. of Eur. 
pl. 58; id. B. of G. B. ii. pl. vii.; Schlegel, Vog. Nederl. pl. 59; Roux, Orn. Proy. 
pl. 148; Audubon, B. of Am. pl. 50. 
Ad. corpore supra fuscescenti-murino, pileo paullo saturatiore: remigibus et rectricibus nigro-fuscis: cauda 
forficata : gula, pectore imo, abdomine et crisso albis, pectore superiore et hypochondriis TUSCESEOUMOWS 5 
rostro nigricanti-brunneo: iride brunned: pedibus brunneis. 
Juv. adulto similis, sed corpore supra brunnescentiore, plumis fere omnibus fulvido marginatis, mento ferru- 
p P 9 
gescente cervino lavato, et gule lateribus eodem colore vix lavatis. 
Adult Male (Hampstead, 15th May). Upper parts dark hair-brown or mouse-brown, slightly darker on the 
crown and lighter on the rump; quills and tail-feathers blackish brown, the latter and the secondaries 
with almost imperceptible lighter margins; throat, abdomen, and under tail-coverts pure white; sides 
of the head, breast, flanks, and under wing-coverts dark hair-brown; region round the eye rather 
darker than the rest of the face, and a blackish brown spot in front of the eye; beak blackish brown ; 
iris dark hazel; legs dark brown. ‘Total length about 4-7 inches, culmen 0:3, gape 0°55, wing 3°95, 
tail 3:15, tarsus 0:45, tail forked, the outer rectrices 0°35 longer than the central ones. 
Female. Resembles the male, except that the band across the breast is not so broad or dark, and that the 
white extends further down the throat. 
Young, just fledged (Washington). Resembles the adult, but has the upper parts browner, and most of the 
