ol4 
2 
Young Male (Macedonia, October 6th). Differs from the adult bird in being rather darker on the upper 
parts, the feathers on the back and scapulars edged with dull rufous; secondaries distinctly edged with 
white, and upper tail-coverts margined with dull white; underparts rather duller than in the adult 
bird. 
Tue Crag-Martin or Rock-Swallow is only found in the lower central and southern portions of 
Europe, in North Africa, Central Asia, and India, being found as far to the east as Northern 
China. In France it is common in the southern provinces, more especially in the rugged moun- 
tainous districts of South-eastern France; and Professor Barboza du Bocage refers to it as being 
common in Portugal. In Spain it is, according to Mr. Howard Saunders (Ibis, 1871, p. 205), 
‘resident throughout the year, frequenting rocks and old ruins, also modern edifices, provided 
they are perched on the edge of a crag. A colony which frequented a gorge of the Segura were 
only to be seen between twelve and one each day. I shot a female, with the breast bare, on the 
29th March; but a whole week’s observation did not enable me to find their nesting-place.” 
Major Irby informs me that it breeds at Gibraltar, and that during the winter numbers come 
down to the low ground and remain there until the spring, when they disappear; and Lord 
Lilford also met with it in the rugged mountains of Spain, and records it as common amongst 
the peaks of the Sierra. 
Bailly says that it is common in Piedmont, in the Dauphiné, and in several of the Swiss 
valleys. In Savoy it is common in the spring, principally near Chambéry, and in the rocks along 
the banks of the Rhéne and those at Saint-Genix, Yenne, on the shores of Lake Bourget, from 
the castle of Bordeaux to the monastery of Hautecombe, in which latter locality it breeds in the 
monastery buildings. He further states that it occurs generally throughout Savoy in rocky 
mountainous localities, especially near lakes and rivers. Mr. J. Traherne Moggridge (Ibis, 1863, 
p- 159) met with it at Mentone during the winter. According to the best Italian authorities it 
is generally distributed throughout Italy, Sicily, and Sardinia, and to a certain degree it is 
resident in most parts throughout the year, although a good many individuals appear to go 
further south, and return early in spring. From its presence in winter being frequently accom- 
panied by bad weather, it is known by the sportsmen of Palermo as kinnina di malu tempu and 
Rinnina Vinvernu. Count Salvadori writes (J. f. O. 1865, p. 131) that “it is a resident in 
Sardinia. Its name of Rondine marina may be derived from the fact that it frequents caves near 
the coast. I saw it in January about the Grotta du Colombei. It is also met with in the 
interior. I observed many inhabiting the cave of Oridda, near Domus Novas, and also in the 
rugged rocky mountains. In the beginning of April I saw some at Mount Ogliastra, near the 
Flumendosa, and later (about the middle of April) near Capoterra, at a creek, where they were 
collecting some clay for building their nests. Ido not know any thing at all about their visiting 
the towns, which, as Cara states, positively takes place after the other Swallows have left.” 
Schembri refers to it as rather common in Malta during the two seasons of migration; but 
Mr. C. A. Wright has only obtained it there on a few occasions. He writes (Ibis, 1864, p. 292) 
as follows:—‘*“< My first acquaintance with H. rupestris on these islands was in December last, 
when spending a day in Gozo. There were several of them flying over the town and along the 
fronts of the houses in the streets, and round the ditch of the old fortifications, which is used as 
