CARDUELIS ELEGANS. 
(GOLDFINCH.) 
Carduelis, Brisson, Orn. iii. p. 53 (1760). 
Fringilla carduelis, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 818 (1766). 
Emberiza carduelis (L.), Scop. Ann. I. Hist. Nat. p. 144 (1769). 
'Fringilla albo-ochracea, Jacq. Beitr. p. 27, pl. 12 (1784). 
'Fringilla ochracea, Gmel. Syst. Nat. i. p. 928 (1788, ex Jacq.). 
Acanthis, Bechst. (Fringilla carduelis, Linn.), Gemeinn. Naturg. Deutschl. 2nd ed. ii. p. 199 
(1807). 
Passer carduelis (.), Pall. Zoogr. Rosso-As. ii. p. 15 (1811). 
Spinus carduelis, Koch, Baier. Zool. i. p. 233 (1816). 
Carduelis carduelis (L.), Boie, Isis, 1822, p. 554. 
Carduelis elegans, Steph. in Shaw’s Gen. Zool. xiv. p. 30 (1826). 
Carduelis septentrionalis, C. L. Brehm, Vog. Deutschl. p. 288 (1831). 
Carduelis germanica, C. L. Brehm, op. cit. p. 289 (1831). 
Carduelis aurata, Kyton, Cat. Brit. Birds, p. 20 (1836). 
Fringilla (Acanthis) carduelis (L.), Keys. & Blas. Wirbelth. Eur. p. 41 (1840). 
Carduelis accedens, C. L. Brehm, Vogelfang, p. 109 (1855). 
Carduelis aurantiipennis, C. L. Brehm, ut supra (1855). 
Carduelis meridionalis, C. 1. Brehm, ut supra (1855). 
Goldfinch, Thistlefinch, English; Lasair-choille, Gaelic; Chardonneret, French; Zeisig, 
Stieglitz, Distelfink, German; Pintasilgo, Portuguese; Gilyuero, Silguero, Spanish; Car- 
dellino, Italian; Gardil, Maltese; Mouknin, Moorish; Distelvink, Putter, Dutch ; Stillids, 
Danish; Stillids, Norwegian; Steglitsa, Swedish; Tiklivarpunen, Finnish ; Shcheglénock, 
Russian. 
Figure notabiles. 
D’Aubenton, Pl. Enl. 4. figs. 1,2; Werner, Atlas, Granivores, pl. 50; Kjerb. Orn. Dan. 
xxvill.@; Frisch, Vog. Deutschl. taf. 1. figs. 2, 3; Fritsch, Vog. Eur. taf. 25. fig. 7; 
Naumann, Vog. Deutschl. taf. 124. figs. 1, 2; Sundevall, Svensk. Fogl. pl. iv. figs. 1, 2; 
Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 196; id. B. of G. B. iii. pl. 36; Schlegel, Vog. Nederl. pl. 167; 
Roux, Orn. Prov. pls. 97, 98. 
3 ad. fronte, genis et gula coccineis, loris et linea circa basin rostri nigris, vertice nigro fasciam demittente 
nigram ad latus colli utrumque: pone oculos fascia alba descendit et cum jugulo albo se conjungit : 
dorso, scapularibus et uropygio summo pallidé brunneis castaneo tinctis: remigibus nigris macula alba 
apicali notatis, omnibus (secundariis intimis exceptis) dimidio basali pogonii externi flavis: tectricibus 
majoribus flavis, minoribus nigris: cauda nigra, rectricibus duabus externis utrinque macula ovali alba 
versus apicem pogonii interni notatis, tertid vix eodem modo notat&é: uropygio imo et supracaudalibus 
2c 
