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found dead close to the shore of Hoidenor, in December 1865; a second was also found dead 
near Thorshayn in April 1869; and, according to Captain Feilden, one was shot near Eide on 
the 16th January, 1871, and many others seen in several places. Mr. Robert Collett informs me 
that in Norway “‘it breeds from Lindesnzes and the Hvaléerne up to Nordland, where in July 
1875 he met with it on the frontiers of Helgeland. It prefers the coast to the interior, and is 
common in most localities where there is low conifer-growth, or in gardens where there are 
broad-leaved trees. On the fells it never appears to pass the conifer-region. Most migrate 
southward at the approach of winter; but in some seasons large flocks pass the winter in the 
southern lowlands. Those which leave the country return late in March.” In Sweden it is, 
Professor Sundevall says, “common in the southern and central districts, in Dalecarlia and 
Helsingland, but not in Lappmark.” 
It is spread almost all over Finland, but is everywhere rather rare than otherwise. Von 
Wright thinks that possibly some may remain over winter. It is found in North Russia. 
Mr. Meves observed it at Dubno, near the Ladoga canal; and Mr. Sabandeff informs me that it 
is very generally distributed throughout Russia in Europe, and sometimes winters in Central 
Russia. He met with it in the Ural, where it was rare on the eastern slopes, and is found 
tolerably far north in the Perm Government. Falk says that it is met with as far as the Ob 
river; and Eversmann states that it is common in the northern portion of the Orenburg Govern- 
ment. In Germany it is, Borggreve says, a regular summer visitant in the eastern portions, and 
a partial summer migrant in the west, where, however, it is commoner than in the east. In 
Denmark it is common at all seasons; and in Holland it is also numerous, as also in France and 
Portugal, where it breeds and remains throughout the winter. Colonel Irby and other authors 
on Spanish ornithology speak of it as being very numerous in Spain in the summer as well as in 
the winter; and I observed it when at Barcelona in May, but did not find it so common as might 
have been expected. Throughout the whole of Southern Europe, in Savoy, Italy, Southern 
Germany, Greece, &c. it is common and generally distributed. In Italy large numbers pass 
to winter in the south, and in Sicily, where, according to Doderlein, comparatively few remain 
to breed. Mr. C. A. Wright says that it is common at Malta in winter; and Mr. A. B, Brooke 
speaks of it as being numerous in Sardinia at all seasons. In Greece it is also found both in 
summer and winter; many arriving from the north in the autumn to winter, and leaving again 
in the spring. According to Professor von Nordmann it very rarely remains in Southern Russia 
over the summer; and he only once saw it in the Crimea at that season, though it is. common at 
the two seasons of passage. It is found and breeds in Asia Minor, and likewise occurs in 
Palestine, where, Canon Tristram says (Ibis, 1868, p. 206), it “is a very common winter visitant 
on the coasts, and abounds especially on Mount Carmel, and on any wooded hills, but is rare in 
the interior, and disappears in spring.” 
So far as I can ascertain, it has not been known to occur in North-east Africa, but is resident 
and by no means uncommon in the western side. Loche speaks of it as being numerous in 
Algeria; Mr. Taczanowsky found it common all over the Tell; and Mr. Salvin met with it 
breeding near Djendeli. The North-African Greenfinch has by some authors been considered 
specifically distinct from our bird; but after a careful comparison I fail to find any constant 
difference, though many specimens from Southern Spain and North Africa are somewhat 
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