oot 
-PASSER MONTANUS. 
(TREE-SPARROW.) 
Passer montanus, Briss. Orn. iii. p. 79 (1760). 
Passer campestris, Briss. tom. cit. p. 82 (1760). 
t Pyrrhula hamburgensis, Briss. tom. cit. p. 314 (1760). 
Fringilla montana, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 324 (1766). 
Le Friquet, Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. iii. p. 489 (1775). 
LP? Hambouvreaux, Buff. op. cit. iv. p. 898 (1778). 
t Loxia hamburgia, Gmel. Syst. Nat. i. p. 854 (1780). 
Fringilla campestris, Schrank, Fauna Boica, i. p. 181 (1798-1808). 
Passer montanina, Pall. Zoogr. Rosso-As. ii. p. 30 (1811). 
Passer montanus (L.), Koch, Baier. Zool. i. p. 219 (1816). 
Pyrgita montana (L.), Cuv. Regne Animal, i. p. 385 (1817). 
Pyrgita campestris, C. L. Brehm, Vég. Deutschl. p. 267 (1831). 
Pyrgita septentrionalis, C. 1. Brehm, op. cit. p. 268 (1831). 
Passer arboreus, Blyth, in Rennie’s Field Naturalist, i. p. 467 (1833). 
Friquet, French; Passera mattugia, Italian; Feldsperling, Waldsperling, German ; Ringnusch, 
Dutch; Skovspurv, Danish; Spoarve, Feroese; Pilfinke, Norwegian; Pilfink, Swedish ; 
Ketovarpunen, Finnish; Lesnoi-vorobey, Russian. 
Figure notabiles. 
Edwards, Gleanings, pl. 269; D’Aubenton, Pl. Enl. 267. fig. 1; Werner, Atlas, Granivores, 
pl. 41; Kjerb. Orn. Dan. taf. 26; Frisch, Vog. Deutschl. taf. 1; Fritsch, Vog. Eur. 
taf. 20. fig. 13; Naumann, Vog. Deutschl. taf. 116. figs. 1, 2; Sundevall, Svensk. Fog. 
pl. iv. fig. 7; Gould, B. of Eur. pl. 184; id. B. of G. Brit. ii. pl. 33; Schlegel, Vog. 
Nederl. pl. 162. 
3 ad, pileo, nucha et collo postico zneo-castaneis: dorso, alis et cauda ut in P. domestico picturatis, sed tectri- 
cibus alarum minoribus et majoribus albido apicatis: loris et regione suboculari nigris ; capitis et colli 
lateribus maculé magna nigré utrinque notatis: mento, gulé et gutture centraliter nigris: corpore 
subtus albido vix griseo tincto, hypochondriis brunnescenti-cinereo lavatis, subcaudalibus pallidé brun- 
nescenti-cinereis albido marginatis: rostro nigro: iride fusca: pedibus pallidé brunneis. 
® ad. mari similis sed sordidior, mento et gula nec gutture nigris, pectore vix brunueo lavato. 
Adult Male (Piedmont, 20th April). Crown, nape, and hind neck chestnut-red with a coppery tinge ; back, 
wings, and tail as in Passer domesticus, except that the lesser and larger wing-coverts are both tipped 
with white, forming two distinct bands across the wing ; lores and a narrow space below the eye black ; 
sides of the head and neck white, with a large black patch on each side below the ear; chin and the 
3R 
