600 
4 
“ We started on our voyage down the river on the 9th of June. We met with the Tree- 
Sparrow at Chuvinski, on or close to the Arctic circle, and afterwards, later in the summer, 
commonly at Kuya, in about equal numbers with the common Sparrow; and we obtained one 
specimen as far north as Stanavoialachta, the old landing-port of the timber-trading company, 
in about 683° N. lat.” Throughout Northern Germany the Tree-Sparrow is found during the 
breeding-season, but is, Borggreve says, a partial migrant. It is not so common in the eastern 
as in the western portions of that territory. In Denmark it appears to be common; but 
Kjerbolling does not state if it is a true resident or partial migrant. Mr. Labouchere informs 
me that it is very common in the northern provinces of Holland, but not so numerous in the 
southern districts. It is also found in Belgium, and is, Messrs. Degland and Gerbe say, common 
and resident in many parts of Northern, Western, and Central France, but in the south it is 
merely a migrant. Lord Lilford informs me that he noticed great numbers of 'Tree-Sparrows 
alive and dead in the bird-market of Marseilles, in November 1874. Professor Barboza du 
Bocage includes it in his list of the birds of Portugal; and it is found in Spain, but must be 
rare, as Colonel Irby never saw it alive, though he was shown specimens obtained in Andalucia ; 
and Mr. Howard Saunders only observed it on the banks of the Segura. In Italy it is, Salvadori 
states, found throughout the year, but in less numbers in the winter. Cara states that it is very 
rare in Sardinia; and Salvadori only saw the two specimens in the Museum at Cagliari, never 
meeting with it alive. Malherbe states that it is resident in Sicily, being somewhat rare near 
Messina, but numerous on the coast of Lentini, where rice and other cereals are extensively 
grown. Mr. C. A. Wright states (Ibis, 1864, p. 53) that he only knows of one specimen having 
been taken at Malta, many years ago. Lord Lilford observed a pair near Ptelia, in the Ionian 
Islands, in January 1857; and both Lindermayer and Von der Mihle state that it is a tolerably 
common resident in Greece; and Dr. Kriiper speaks of it as being found on the plains near 
Olympus. In Southern Germany it is tolerably common, but nowhere so numerous as the 
House-Sparrow. It is found in the countries skirting the Danube; and I have a specimen from 
Turkey. It is stated to be common (according to Mr. Goebel more so than Passer domesticus) in 
some parts of the Uman district; and Dr. Radde speaks of thousands of this species frequenting 
the reeds in some parts of Southern Russia. It is not recorded from the Caucasus by Ménétriés ; 
nor did Dr. Kriiper meet with it in Asia Minor, or Canon Tristram in Palestine; but Von 
Heuglin says that it is found in Lower Egypt and Arabia Petra, but he doubts if it is a 
resident. Loche says that it is found, though rarely, in Algeria; but it is not recorded by 
Favier as occurring in Tangier. 
To the eastward the present species is found as far as Japan. De Filippi records it from 
Demavend, north-east of Tehran; but Messrs. Blanford and St. John did not meet with it in 
Persia. Dr. Henderson states (‘ Lahore to Yarkand,’ p. 254) that it is the House-Sparrow of the 
city of Yarkand; and Mr. Hume adds the following note :—‘ This species is never met with, as 
far as my experience goes, in Kashmir or Ladak, Kulu, Spiti, Lahul, Garwhal, or Kumaon, or 
generally anywhere in the Himalayas west of Nipal; but at Darjeeling this is the common 
house-Sparrow during part of the year; and further east and south, in Assam, Tipperah, and 
Burmah it seems to be the only house-Sparrow.” Dr. Jerdon states (B. of I. ii. p. 366) that it 
is “found in India only on the Himalayas, thence extending to the south-east throughout the 
