MONTIFRINGILLA NIVALIS. 
(SNOW-FINCH.) 
Passer fringilla nivalis, Briss. Orn. iii. p. 162, pl. xv. fig. 1 (1760). 
Fringilla nivalis, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 321 (1766, ex Briss.). 
Emberiza nivalis (L.), Scop. Ann, I. Hist. Nat. p. 146 (1769). 
Pinson de neige ou la Niverolle, Montb. Hist. Nat. Ois. iv. p. 137 (1778). 
Fringilla saxatilis, Koch, Baier. Zool. i. p. 216 (1816). 
Plectrophanes fringilloides, Boie, Isis, 1822, p. 504. 
Montifringilla nivalis (.), C. L. Brehm, Isis, 1828, p. 1278. 
Montifringilla glacialis, C. L. Brehm, op. cit. p. 1278. 
Chionospina, Kaup (Fringilla nivalis, Linn.), Natiirl. Syst. p. 159 (1829). 
Orites (Fringilla) nivalis (1..), Keys. & Blas. Wirbelth. Eur. p. 42 (1840). 
Geospiza, Gloger (Fringilla nivalis, L.), Gemeinn. Handb. Naturg. p. 254 (1842). 
Leucosticte nivalis (L.), O. des Murs, Encyc. d’Hist. Nat. part 5, p. 297, fide Degl. & Gerbe, 
Orn. Eur. i. p. 277 (1867). 
Niverolle, Pinson des neiges, French; Fringuello alpino, Italian; Schneefink, German. 
Figure notabiles. 
Werner, Atlas, Granivores, pl. 44a; Fritsch, Vog. Eur. taf. 24. fig. 13; Naumann, Vog. 
Deutschl. taf. 117; Roux, Orn. Prov. pl. 89. 
$ ad. ptil. est. pileo et nucha saturate cinereis, pilei plumis centraliter saturatioribus: capitis et colli lateribus 
pallidé cinereis: dorso scapularibus et secundariis intimis fuscis vix fulvido tinctis, plumis centraliter 
saturaté fuscis: remigibus primariis et alulé spuriad nigricantibus, illis albo apicatis, secundariis et 
tectricibus alarum albis, lis ad basin nigricantibus: rectricibus centralibus nigro-fuscis in parte apicali 
albido marginatis, reliquis albis nigro-fusco apicatis: corpore subtus albo, gula et gutture centraliter 
saturaté nigris: rostro et pedibus nigris: iride fusca. 
2 ad. mari similis, sed gula et gutture minus nigris, capite vix sordidiore et corpore subtis sordidé albido. 
Ptil. hiem. corpore supra vix pallidiore, subtus sordidé albido, gule et gutturis plumis nigris albo marginatis, 
rostro flavo. 
Adult Male in summer (Switzerland). Crown and nape clear dark ashy grey, the centres of the feathers on 
the crown rather darker, sides of the head and neck paler; back and scapulars brown with a slight 
fulvous tinge, the centres of the feathers darker; rump darker, the upper tail-coverts blackish brown ; 
primaries blackish tipped with white ; secondaries pure white, except the innermost, which are like the 
back; but the basal portion of the secondaries is blackish ; wing-coverts white, except the spurious 
wing, which is partly blackish brown; underparts white, except the whole centre of the throat from the 
chin downwards, which is deep black; central rectrices blackish, on the terminal portion narrowly 
