FRINGILLA CCELEBS. 



(CHAFFINCH.) 



Fringilla ccelebs, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 318 (1766). 

 Fringilla nobilis, Schrank, Fauna Boica, p. 176 (1798). 

 Passer spiza, Pall. Zoogr. ii. p. 17 (1811-1831). 

 Struthus ccelebs, Boie, Isis, p. 374 (1826). 



Pink, Spink, Twink, Beechfinch, Horsefinch, Shelly, Shilfa, English ; Breac-ant'sil, Gaelic ; 

 Pinson ordinaire, French ; Buchfink, German ; Be Vink, Dutch ; Bogfinke, Danish ; 

 Bqfink, Swedish ; Bogfinke, Norwegian ; Peipponen, Finnish ; Ziablik, Russian ; Fringuello, 

 Italian ; Spunsun, Maltese ; Pinzon, Spanish ; Tentilhao, Portuguese. 



Figurce notabiles. 



Werner, Atlas, Granivores, pi. 44 ; Gould, B. of Europe, pi. 187 ; Naumann, Vog. Deutschl. 

 taf. 118. figs. 1 & 2; Sundevall, Svensk. Fogl. pi. iv. figs. 5 & 6. 



cj fronte nigra : pileo et collo postico cum tectricibus alarum minimis scapularibusque clare cinereis : dorso 

 superiore sordide rufescente, interscapulio summo vix olivascenti-viridi lavato : dorso imo, uropygio et 

 supracaudalibus olivascenti-viridibus : tectricibus alarum medianis albis, majoribus nigris albo termi- 

 natis, fasciam duplicem alarem formantibus : remigibus nigris, primariis extiis ad basiu albis, pallide 

 flavicante limbatis : cauda, nigra, rectricibus duabus extimis conspicue et oblique albis, basaliter et extus 

 apicaliter nigris, rectricibus duabus centralibus cinerascenti-brunneis : striga superciliari cum facie laterali 

 et corpore subtiis toto rufescentibus, pectore pallidiore et magis vinaceo : abdomine imo et subcaudalibus 

 albis : subalaribus albis flavicante tinctis, exterioribus basaliter brunneis : rostro cserulescenti-corneo : 

 pedibus pallide brunneis : iride brunnea. 



5 supra olivascenti-brunnea vix flavido lavata, pileo clarius brunneo : facie laterali tota olivascenti-brunnea : 

 tectricibus alarum minimis dorso concoloribus, reliquis nigricantibus extus olivaceo-viridi limbatis et 

 late albo terminatis, fasciam duplicem alarem formantibus : remigibus nigricanti-brunneis ad basin 

 pogonii interni albidis, primariis extus albido, secundariis olivascenti-viridi limbatis : dorso imo, 

 uropygio et supracaudalibus olivaceo-viridibus : cauda. nigricante, rectricibus duabus centralibus 

 brunneis fulvescente limbatis, rectricis extimse pogonio interno fere omnino albo, proxima, versus 

 apicem graduatim alba : corpore subtiis toto olivascenti- brunneo, pectore medio albo. 



Adult Male in summer (Hampstead) . Forehead black ; crown, nape, and sides of neck rich slaty blue ; back 

 dull chestnut-red, shading off on the lower part into dull green, which latter colour pervades the rump 

 and upper tail-coverts ; outer tail-feather on each side obliquely black at the base, the remainder being 

 white, with the outer web and a patch on the inner web black at the tip ; the next in order black, with 

 the terminal half of the inner web obliquely white ; the third with only a terminal white spot on the 

 inner web ; the two central tail-feathers blackish grey, indistinctly edged with white ; quills blackish 

 brown, white at the base, and narrowly edged with dull white; inner secondaries margined with 



2h 



