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Malherbe states that it is " of accidental occurrence during passage in Italy and Sicily." In 

 Southern Germany it is also a winter visitant. Dr. Anton Fritsch says that it sometimes visits 

 Bohemia in large flocks, remaining until March ; the Ritter von Tschusi-Schmidhofen states that 

 it has occurred near Hallein, in Austria, and Herr Hanf that it breeds annually in Styria. 

 Count Casimir Wodzicki writes (J. f. O. 1853, p. 439) that it visits the Carpathians in large 

 flocks, and a few pairs remain to breed, though only in exceptional instances. Messrs. Danford 

 and Harvie-Brown say that in Transylvania it is " common in harvest-time in large flocks, and 

 nests not unfrequently in bushes among the lower mountains ;" and, according to Messrs. Elwes 

 and Buckley, it has been obtained in Turkey during the winter by Mr. Bobson. Dr. Kriiper 

 says that during severe winters it straggles as far south as Greece ; but I find no instance of its 

 occurrence in Asia Minor ; and though Riippell states that it occurs during winter in Egypt, later 

 travellers in that country have not met with it. 



To the eastward it is found right across the continent of Asia ; but as the Siberian travellers 

 have, to some extent, confused the present species and Linota exilipes, it is difficult to decide to 

 which their remarks refer. Von Middendorff met with the Redpoll on the Jenisei (60° N. lat.) 

 in February, on the 12th March at Turuchansk (66° N. lat.), and on the 29th April on the 

 Boganida (in 71° N. lat.). At Jakutsk he first saw them on the 7th March, and in Manchuria 

 again on the 25th December, after having lost sight of them in the autumn. Von Schrenck 

 found the present species common in the Amoor country throughout the winter, from the 28th 

 October (O. S.) to the early part of May ; and he also observed it in Saghalien. Dr. Radde 

 appears to have obtained both L. exilipes and L. linaria, the former at Irkutsk in October ; for 

 he describes the specimen with tolerable accuracy. He says that the Redpolls were common at 

 Irkutsk in October, and he saw them in the Bureja Mountains in September. In the elevated 

 steppes of Dauria they remained over the winter. He observed a few in the Bureja Mountains 

 as late as the 10th April (O. S.), but not later. It has been obtained in Japan; and Mr. Swinhoe 

 says that it winters in North China. I must not omit to mention that, according to Dr. Severtzoff, 

 it straggles as far south as Turkestan during the winter ; but, he adds, it is a rare visitant to that 

 country. 



On the American continent the present species is found in the northern portions of the 

 country from the Atlantic to the Pacific, straggling south during the winter as far as the State 

 of New York. Mr. Bannister found it common at St. Michael's, in Alaska, both in summer and 

 winter ; and at Nulato Mr. Dall met with it commonly in winter, and very little less numerous 

 in summer. Mr. J. K. Lord observed it in British Columbia, where it is rare; and Dr. Cooper 

 only found it as far south as Washington Territory. During the winter my brother Arthur 

 met with it commonly in Manitoba ; and the Indians who accompanied him assured him that it 

 bred there. In the Hudson's-Bay Territory, Canada, and Labrador it is said to be common ; and 

 when in New Brunswick I found it common there during the autumn, winter, and spring. 

 During the winter it is said to migrate as far south as Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, and the 

 State of New York. 



In habits this Redpoll does not differ from its ally Linota rufescens ; but the notes of the 

 two species are somewhat different, that of the present species being sharper and very closely 

 resembling the call-note of the Canary. I have met with the Mealy Redpoll in different parts 



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