115 



for sale on the Prague market." Professor von Nordmann says that it never straggles as -far 

 south as the Black Sea. 



To the eastward its range extends right across the continent of Asia, and has been met with 

 as far south as the Amoor country. Von Middendorff obtained it in October at Udskoj-Ostrog ; 

 Dr. G. Eadde did not meet with it in the Central Amoor, but found it numerous in the wooded 

 portions of the Transbaikal country, in the Baikal districts, and in the Eastern Sajan, more 

 especially near some of the isolated settlements. Dr. von Schrenck only obtained a single 

 specimen in the Amoor district, a female, which was shot on the 6th April, a short distance 

 above the Nikolaieffsk Post; and Dr. Dybowski says (J. f. O. 1873, p. 92) that it is tolerably 

 common at Darasun, in Dauria, during the winter, and breeds in small numbers in the Chamar- 

 daban mountains, where he met with it in the summer. In the Himalayas it is replaced by 

 a smaller and slightly differently coloured form, Pinicola subhemachalana, Hodgs. 



In North America it is, according to Professor Baird (N. Am. Birds, i. p. 454), " a resident of 

 the portions of North America north from the United States. In the northern parts of New 

 York, Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine, as well as in Western America, it is found 

 throughout the year in the dark evergreen forests. In the winter it is an irregular visitor as far 

 south as Philadelphia, being in some seasons very abundant, and again for several winters quite 

 rare. Mr. Boardman mentions it as abundant in the winter about Calais ; and Mr. Verrill gives 

 it as quite common in the vicinity of Norway. It is found every winter, more or less frequently, 

 in Eastern Massachusetts, though Mr. Allen regards it as rare in the vicinity of Springfield. It 

 is not cited by Dr. Cooper as a bird of Washington Territory ; but he mentions it as not 

 uncommon near the summits of the Sierra Nevada, in 39° N. lat., in September." To this I may 

 add that I frequently met with it in New Brunswick, and saw several flocks at Musquash in 

 January, February, and March 1860, and shot several, but only once obtained a male in the red 

 plumage ; and that was, unfortunately, stolen by a Canada Jay, who picked it up and carried it 

 off from my immediate vicinity, I having laid it down for a moment. I recovered it ; but it was 

 torn and half eaten, and quite useless as a specimen. Dr. Elliott Coues met with it along the 

 coast of Labrador, where it is, he says, not at all rare ; and it was obtained by Sir John Richardson 

 in the Hudson's Bay Territory, but he did not observe it higher than the 60th parallel, but 

 mentions an instance of its wintering at York Factory, on Hudson's Bay. Captain Blakiston 

 (Ibis, 1862, p. 6) observed and obtained it in the Forks of the Saskatchewan on the 7th of May, 

 1858; Mr. Dall says that it was "collected at Sitka and Kadiak by Bischoff, and is extremely 

 common near Nulato, and, in fact, wherever there are trees, throughout the Yukon Territory. 

 Frequents groves of willow and poplar near open places, and especially the water-side, in winter. 

 In summer they go into more retired thickets to breed." Mr. R. Brown (Ibis, 1S68, p. 423) says 

 that "during the winter of 1866, whilst the snow was on the ground, two pairs were shot at 

 Fort Rupert, Vancouver's Island ;" and I subsequently obtained, through Mr. P. N. Compton, of 

 Fort Rupert, one of these two pairs — a fine red male and an old female. The above being the 

 only records of its occurrence on the Pacific coast, it does not appear to range so far south there 

 as it does on the eastern side of the Nearctic continent. Professor Baird speaks of the American 

 bird being richer-coloured than specimens from Europe ; but I have found the reverse as far as 



