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was shot with another (supposed to be a female) in October 1861, and another obtained in 

 October of this year (1863)." 



Lord Lilford observed one in a cage at Corfu, and was assured that it came from the pine- 

 forests of the Black Mountains, in Cephalonia; and Dr. Kriiper informs us that during the 

 winter months it is common on all the mountains of Greece ; he also found a nest on Mount 

 Parnassus. Neither Lindermayer nor Count von der Miihle observed it in the Peloponnesus or 

 the southern provinces of Roumelia ; but, on the other hand, Erhard records it as a winter 

 visitant to the Cyclades. It appears in Southern Germany and Austria in flocks in the autumn 

 and winter, and, according to Seidensacher, is annually seen in Styria. Count Casimir Wodzicki 

 found it on the Carpathians as high up as the forest extended ; and it is probably to be found 

 throughout the Balkan range. During migration it is tolerably numerous near Constantinople ; 

 while Mr. Eobson informs us it frequents the cypress trees in the Turkish graveyards. A few 

 are also occasionally seen in the summer season. Mr. Robson writes that in the autumn the 

 Turkish bird-catchers take them by flying small Hawks at them as they are feeding in the cypress 

 trees. In the gardens of Odessa so soon as the fir-cones are ripe the Crossbills appear, but are 

 not found anywhere else on the steppe. In the Caucasus it has not been recorded by Menetries ; 

 but it is found in Asia Minor, as we have specimens obtained there, and Dr. Kriiper pro 

 cured it near Smyrna in July. It has not been noticed in N.-E. Africa, probably owing to the 

 absence of conifers ; but in Algeria the Crossbill not only occurs, but is sedentary. Loche states 

 that it seldom visits that country, though it has occurred on several occasions in large numbers ; 

 but Mr. Salvin met with two old birds on the 26th of March on a ridge near Kef, which were 

 feeding their young. We have also examined a very young bird procured in Algeria, and now 

 in Canon Tristram's collection. Favier includes it in his MS. list of the birds of Tangiers, one 

 having been picked up in a dying state near Cape Spartel in 1855. 



As regards its eastern range, it is found throughout the whole of Asia as far south as the 

 Palsearctic range extends. Middendorff observed it along the Jenesei to above 62° N. lat. 

 Dr. Gustaf Radde writes that, " as a true inhabitant of the conifer-woods, I found this species in 

 the Bureja mountains, but did not observe it when we left this growth, and in the mixed woods 

 of the mountains or the banks it is, I suppose, only a rare visitor. Early in October we found it 

 in flocks near Irkutsk. On the 20th of July, 1859, I found wandering flocks in the dense fir- 

 woods on the upper Irkut. Except that the beaks of my specimens are somewhat longer, they 

 do not differ from the European birds with which I have compared them." Messrs. Dybowski 

 and Parvex have sent numerous specimens from Dauria ; and Dr. von Schrenck states that it is 

 " common in the Amoor wherever conifer-growth is found. Near the Nikolajevsk Post I obtained 

 it nearly every month during my stay from August to April ; and on my winter journeys I observed 

 it southwards to Garin. In the autumn of 1854 they appeared singly or in small flocks in the 

 pine-woods near Nikolajevsk. Early in March 1855, 1 saw them near the village of Ssamahagdu, 

 near the mouth of the Chelasso, in large mixed flocks of females and males, which for two days 

 consecutively visited the larch trees in front of the houses, and even perched on the roofs." 

 Dr. von Schrenck thinks that they breed in Siberia late in February, old style. 



Professor Siebold records it as tolerably common in Japan; and we have examined a 

 specimen from there collected by Mr. Whitely. Mr. Swinhoe observed it on the island of 



