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three were seen in October 1852, and three in the autumn of 1858, in the Botanical Garden at 

 Ttijen. One is said to have been taken at Stockholm as early as 1792; and, according to 

 Sundevall, several were obtained in 1845 in various parts of Sweden, and in the autumn of 

 1856, again, others were procured near Stockholm. In Finland it occurs now and again in 

 flocks at irregular intervals. According to Von Wright (Finl. Fogl. i. p. 253) the first were 

 observed in the Botanical Garden at Helsingfors, in November 1849, and two were caught alive 

 by the late Mr. Arthur Nordmann, a third was soon after shot by Professor Bonsdorff, and Mr. J. 

 von Wright shot a female in the autumn of 1857 at Haminanlaks. In the late summer of 1856 

 I was at Wyburg, where I had been sent, after leaving school, to learn business ; and one evening, 

 on my return to Hertuala, the country seat of my principal, where I was living, Mr. Wilhelm 

 Hackman, then a school-boy, told me that he had observed in a fir-wood not far from the house a 

 large flock of Crossbills. I could then skin birds ; and being anxious to obtain a few specimens, 

 we got up early next morning and visited the wood, where we found a flock of fifty or sixty 

 individuals. I shot one or two, and finding that they were White-winged Crossbills I asked 

 Wilhelm to try and get a few more ; and in the evening, on my return from the office, he produced 

 about two dozen choice examples; but, as the weather was warm and I could only skin very 

 slowly, I only prepared six, three males and three females. Of these I sent a pair to Von 

 Wright; and they are now, I believe, in the Helsingfors Museum. A second pair I gave to 

 Mr. Leadbeater on my return to England in 1857 ; and the third pair, which I kept, were 

 accidentally destroyed during my absence in Italy some time afterwards. They were very tame, 

 and, when fired at, only flew to the next tree, uttering a note like that of the common Crossbill. 

 In Northern Russia this species is tolerably common, and especially numerous in the vicinity of 

 Archangel. I first received one or two skins from there through a collector ; and Mr. C. 

 Craemers, a young gentleman from Archangel who has for some time been working for me here, 

 on being asked about it, assured me that numbers are seen every year not very far from Arch- 

 angel, and that he was quite sure he could find its nest. In the spring of 1875 he went home for 

 a holiday, and before he left he promised, if possible, to procure the nest and eggs of this bird ; 

 but he arrived too late, as the young birds were already fully feathered and able to fly. It may, 

 however, be taken for granted that this Crossbill is common there ; for he found four or five nests 

 in one day, and brought back sixteen skins of young birds, besides several adults. Since then he 

 has, through a friend, procured for me a fine series of specimens and a nest containing two eggs. 

 South of the Archangel Government this bird is not common. Mr. SabanaefF informs me that it 

 is found in the Governments of Jaroslaf and Moscow, and possibly breeds in the former, but it is 

 rare. He did not meet with it in the Ural, but believes that it may occur there. Count 

 Casimir Wodzicki says (J. f. O. 1853, p. 440) that it is on the whole a rare bird in Poland, but 

 is seen some seasons in small flocks ; in the Carpathians it is a still rarer visitant. According to 

 Borggreve it is an accidental and irregular visitant to North Germany; and in 1826 and 1828 it 

 appeared in many parts of the country, more especially in Silesia, the Harz, Thuringia, &c. ; 

 and, according to Von Kettuer, it appeared on the mountains of the Murg valley, in Baden, in 

 the winter of 1829. In Denmark, Mr. Collin says (Skand. Fugl. p. 384), there are but few 

 instances of its occurrence. Hage says that it has been caught at Herlufsholm. Boiling had a 



