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Hutton. E. dalmatica of Gmelin was never published as an Emberiza, but under the genus 

 Fringilla (S. N. i. p. 920), and is founded on Latham's "Dalmatic Sparrow" (Ind. Orn. ii. part 1. 

 p. 256), which, again, is taken from the Moineau d"Esclavonie (Passer sclavonicus) of Brisson. 

 From this also Degland takes his name of Emberiza sclavonica for the Pine Bunting ; but after a 

 careful comparison we are unable to identify Brisson's species, and the name must be expunged 

 from the list of synonyms of Emberiza leucocephala. As regards the MS. name of E. bonapartei 

 no comments are necessary, as it was never published, but is referred to the present species in the 

 later work of MM. Jaubert and Barthelemy-Lapommeraye, though no description is given. 



The Pine Banting is, strictly speaking, a denizen of the Eastern Palsearctic Region, but, like 

 many other birds, migrates westward on the approach of winter, and occurs regularly at this 

 season of the year within European limits. The first actual notice of its capture appears to have 

 been in the autumn of 1824, when a specimen was procured near Vienna. Again, in the year 

 1842 M. Barthelemy-Lapommeraye obtained an example at Marseilles; and Count GourcyDroit- 

 aumont (Isis, 1848, pp. 493, 494) further records two specimens as captured near Vienna in 1848 ; 

 since that time the Pine Bunting has regularly been included in the list of the " Birds of 

 Europe." 



The true summer residence of the present species appears to be Asiatic Russia, particularly 

 on the Irkutsk and Amoor rivers, whence it proceeds southward in the winter. Pallas described 

 his first specimens from birds obtained in the pine woods of Northern Siberia; and we have 

 frequently received specimens from the neighbourhood of Lake Baikal. Mr. Swinhoe met with 

 it at Peking in October ; and Pere Armand David speaks of it as abounding there in winter and 

 early spring. It occurs in India, but only in the north-west Himalayas, according to Jerdon, 

 who states that Captain Hutton and Dr. Adams obtained it on the Syree range, beyond Simla, 

 and that it has also been procured near Peshawur. Specimens are also in the India Museum, 

 collected by Griffiths in Cabul. 



In Eastern Europe it appears as a winter visitant. Gmelin states that his typical example 

 was obtained in Astrachan; while Messrs. Elwes and Buckley (Ibis, 1870, p. 194) obtained two 

 specimens shot on the Bosphorus by Mr. T. Eobson, of Ortakeny. We have also in our collection 

 two specimens sent to us by Mr. Robson, and procured by him near Constantinople, one of them 

 being shot as early as the 21st of October, in which month Mr. Swinhoe got an example at 

 Peking, so that by this time the complete migration must have been nearly, if not fully, 

 accomplished. Professor Burmeister states that in the Museum of Halle there is a specimen of 

 the Pine Bunting from Hungary. 



Three specimens have been taken near Vienna; and as regards its occurrence in Italy 

 Count Salvadori writes : — 



" This is a very rare bird in Italy. I only know of a few specimens caught here ; and nearly 

 all were procured near Bergamo, in autumn, when they appeared to come from the north in 

 company with Buntings, Finches, and other small birds. One specimen has been caught near 

 Genoa." 



Lord Lilford has a specimen of this Bunting in his collection from Central Asia, but the 

 exact locality is not stated. It is in beautiful summer plumage, agreeing with examples in our 

 own collection from Siberia. Like its congeners, the Pine Bunting seems to be capricious in the 



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