247 



Pall. (Zoogr. Eoss.-As. ii. p. 49, 1811), also occurs. Elsewhere the large-billed and small-billed 

 birds are found together. However, the following list of measurements of specimens from 

 various localities will best show the variations to which this species is subject: — 



Great Britain : wing 2-9 to 3-15, tail 2-6 to 2*8, height of bill at base 02 to 0-22. 

 Sweden and Norway : wing 3-0 to 3-4, tail 2-62 to 2*9, height of bill at base 0-2 to 0'21. 

 Central Europe : wing 3"0 to 31, tail 2-6 to 2-75, height of bill at base 0-2 to 0*22. 

 Spain : wing 3"0 to 3*25, tail 2-6 to 2*75, height of bill at base 0-2 to 0'28. 

 Italy : wing 3'1 to 35, tail 2'9 to 3'2, height of bill at base 0-28 to 0'3. 

 Russia : wing 31 to 325, tail 2-65 to 2-9, height of bill at base 0*2 to 0-21. 

 Asia Minor : wing 3'0 to 3'31, tail 2'65 to 3-1, height of bill at base 02 to 0-25. 

 Turkestan : wing 3-1 to 3"45, tail 2-85 to 3'1, height of bill at base 02 to 025. 

 Siberia (Yennesei) : wing 3"18 to 322, tail 2"55 to 3-0, height of bill at base 0'2 to 0-25. 

 Japan: wing 3-0 to 3-], tail 26, height of bill at base 0-23 to 0-24. 



From the above it will be seen that the largest-billed specimens are those from Italy ; and, 

 in fact, they almost equal examples of Emberiza pyrrhuloides in measurements, though they 

 differ from those in being dark-coloured. Emberiza passerina differs from the present species in 

 being considerably smaller, and the feathers on the upper parts are margined with blue-grey 

 and white, these margins being especially noticeable on the lesser wing-coverts. 



In the form of the bill the small-billed form of the present species varies greatly; and I 

 possess several the bill of which, though small, measuring only 0*2 in height at the base, yet is 

 shaped almost as in Emberiza pyrrhuloides. 



The specimens figured are, on the same Plate with Emberiza pyrrhuloides, an adult male in 

 full breeding-dress, of the small-billed form, from North Russia, and, on the second Plate, an 

 adult female in summer and an old male in winter dress, from Asia Minor, of the large-billed 

 form. 



In the preparation of the above article I have examined the following specimens: — 



E Mus. H. E. Dresser. 



a, b, c, cf , d, $. Pagham, May, June, July 1870-1872 (R. B. Sharpe). e, <$ . Hampstead, April. /. Hamp- 

 stead, June 1870 [Sharpe). g, 6. Highgate, November 1869 (Sharpe). h, d. London, June 1870 

 {Davy), i, k. Cookham, June 18th, 1867 (W. Briggs). I, d. Stockholm, October 4th, 1860 (Meves). 

 m, <S ad. Jemtland, May 17th, 1857. n, %juv. Jemtland, August 5th, 1859 (Meves). o, 3. Archangel, 

 May 17th, 1876. p, 6. Ural, April 1869. q, ?. Ural, May 1872 (Sabanaeff). r, <S . Lake Baikal, 

 April 22nd, 1869 (Verreaux). s, 2 . Crimea, spring (Schliiter) . t, u, 6 . Taschkend, November, December 

 (Severtzoff) . v, w, 6 . Chimkent, January and November 1866. x, <S . Petchora, 1875 (Seebohm and 

 Brown), y, z, 6 , aa, 2- France (Fairmaire) . bb, 6. Malta, November 1861 (C. A. Wright), cc, <5 . 

 Crimea (Schliiter). dd. Lisistroo, Archangel, May 19th, 1876 (Piottuch). 



E Mus. Howard Saunders. 



«, 2 • Catala, Valencia, February 7th, 1872 (H. Saunders). b> 6 . Silla, Valencia, February 7th, 1872 

 (Saunders). c, 6 ■ Malaga, January 12th, 1873 (Saunders). d, 2. Malaga, January 16th, 1875 

 (Saunders), e, 6 . Sicily (Doderlein). 



