451 



NUCIFEAGA CARYOCATACTES. 



(NUTCRACKER.) 



Corvus caryocatactes, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 157 (1766). 



Nucifraga guttata, Vieill. N. Diet. v. p. 354 (1816). 



Caryocatactes maculatus, Koch, Syst. d. Baier. Zool. i. p. 93 (1816). 



Nucifraga caryocatactes, Leach, Syst. Cat. M. & B. Brit. Mus. p. 18 (1816). 



Caryocatactes nucifraga, Nilss. Orn. Suec. i. p. 90 (1817). 



Nucifraga caryocatactes, Temm. Man. i. p. 116 (1820). 



Nucifraga brachyrhynchos, C. L. Brehm, Lehr. eur. Vog. p. 104 (1823). 



Nucifraga macrorhynchos, C. L. Brehm, torn. cit. p. 103 (1823). 



Nucifraga platyrliynchos, C. L. Brehm, Isis,.p. 973 (1833). 



Nucifraga hamata, C. L. Brehm, torn. cit. p. 975 (1833). 



Nucifraga minor, C. L. Brehm, torn. cit. p. 970 (1833). 



Caryocatactes guttatus, Nilss. Skand. Faun. i. p. 149(1835). 



Caryocatactes caryocatactes, Schleg. Bev. Crit. i. p. 55 (1844). 



Nucifraga alpestris, Brehm, Naumannia, p. 274 (1855). 



Nucifraga arguata, Brehm, torn. cit. p. 274 (1855). 



Casse-noix, French ; Nussheher, Nussknacker, Nusskrahe, German ; Notenkraker, Dutch ; 

 Nocciolaja, Italian ; Noddekrige, Danish ; Notkrdka, Notknacka, Nbddekrage, Norwegian ; 

 Pdhkinahakkinen, Finnish ; Soyka-turecka, Polish ; Kedrowka, Orechowka, Russian. 



Figures notabiles. 



D'Aubenton, PI. Enl. 50 ; Werner, Atlas, Omnivores, pi. 10 ; Kjserb. Orn. Dan. taf. 12 ; 

 Fritsch, Vog. Eur. taf. 13. fig. 10 ; Naumann, Vog. Deutschl. taf. 58. fig. 2 ; Sundevall, 

 Sv. Fogl. pi. 19. fig. 4 ; Gould, B. of Eur. pi. 215 ; id. B. of G. B. iii. pis. 65, 66 ; Schlegel, 

 Vog. Nederl. pi. 142. 



d ad. corpore chocolatino-brunneo, pileo et uropygio saturatioribus immaculatis : corpore subtus maculis ovatis 

 albis majoribus, supra minoribus numerosis adsperso : gula albo striata : alis nigris supra nitentibus, 

 secundariis vix albido apicatis : cauda, nigra, rectricibus intermediis albo apicatis, quae albedo in cseteris 

 augetur : supracaudalibus nigris, subcaudalibus albis : rostro et pedibus nigris : iride fusca. 



? mari similis. 



Pullus adulto similis sed multo sordidior et pallidior : plumis omnibus laxis, maculis sordide albis terminatis : 

 pileo et uropygio immaculatis : alis et cauda ut in adulto coloratis sed sordidioribus, tectricibus alarum 

 albo terminatis, supracaudalibus nigricanti-fuscis, subcaudalibus albis. 



Adult Male (Upland, Sweden, 12tb August). Body above and below blackish chocolate, profusely spotted 

 with drop-shaped white marks, which are largest on the breast and most sparingly scattered towards 



X 



