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1825, and a few visited the island of Borkum, off the coast of Holland. Siedhof also states that 

 it was common in East Friesland in the autumn of 1844. In Bavaria it occurs, according to 

 Jackel, in many localities, being both a resident and a partial migrant in the high mountains 

 the Alps near Salzburg, the foi'ests of Bavaria, and various localities in Central and Upper 

 Franconia. On the 30th April, 1799, Wolf obtained in the mountains near Hersbriick a young 

 bird which had portions of down still amongst the plumage ; and a young man who accompanied 

 Professor Hornschuch on his journey to the Tyrol shot a specimen in May 1826, in a fir-wood 

 near Regensburg, which a pair of these birds frequented. On the 4th March, 1850, a pair were 

 shot, whilst pairing, near Wiesen, in the Bacher forest; and in the years 1802, 1803, 1804, 1807, 

 1814, 1821, 1822, 1835, 1836, 1844, 1849, and 1850 they literally swarmed in most portions of 

 the country, appearing again, though in much smaller numbers, in 1851 and 1854. Brandt 

 states that a pair bred in the Landgericht Nordhalben in 1850; and on the 28th June an old 

 bird with two young ones, which could not have left the nest more than a couple of days, were 

 seen. In the districts of Schwaben and Neuburg to Leu it is rare, and only observed during the 

 spring and autumn migrations, but is periodically somewhat commoner. 



"In Wiirtemberg it breeds, according to Landbeck (Syst. Aufzahl. Vog. Wiirtemb. p. 19), 

 in the old conifer-woods of Wildbad, Kniebis, Rippoldsau, Freiersbad, &c. ; and Von Heuglin 

 states (Naumannia, 1850, p. 67) that it breeds tolerably numerously, not only in the old conifer- 

 forests of the Schwarzwald, but also in some of the non-evergreen woods through which conifer- 

 growth is scattered, as, for instance, near Tuttlingen and Muhlheim, on the Danube. Vogel 

 obtained a full-grown young bird in the summer of 1843, not far from Schramberg, and in 1844 

 watched two old birds on the 10th March, and obtained three young ones about the middle of 

 July at the same place. It breeds in the Schwarzwald of Baden, and Schutt obtained several 

 nests, with eggs, on a portion of the Kandel in 1861 and 1862. In Austria it is numerous in all 

 the alpine forests, though not so common or numerous in the central or subalpine portions of 

 the mountains, and during migration is common in the lowlands. It visited Bohemia in 1844 

 and 1850 in large numbers, more especially the vicinity of Franzensbad, where Palliardi met 

 with it. According to Fritsch (Journ. f. Orn. 1871, p. 202), Zimmermann obtained three examples 

 near Bensen in October 1863, and quite young birds were seen in the Isergebirge. It is also 

 said to occur commonly in the vicinity of Budislav. I never observed it on the Austrian side of 

 the Riesengebirge, though doubtless it is found there, as Mr. A. von Homeyer found it on the 

 Prussian side ; nor did I see it during my wanderings through the Bohmerwald ; but the district 

 forester, Novotny, showed me a stuffed specimen which was shot in the Sattawa district in May 

 1870. It doubtless breeds there, but probably only in small numbers, and it certainly inhabits 

 the lower spurs of the mountains. Schwab says that numbers are seen during migration in 

 September and October in Moravia; in 1846 they were common in all the forests, though only 

 rare in 1850 and 1852 ; but in the middle of the year 1850 so many appeared near Drahomischl 

 that a forester shot thirty in one day. About the middle of September 1864 several appeared in 

 the wooded localities near Olmiitz, and in October they were numerous. In Silesia they appear 

 as sporadically as in Moravia. In Lower Austria it is common at Semmering (where Finger 

 obtained recently fledged young on the 29th June, 1853), and on the Schneeberg and Oetscher 

 and their spurs, and also in the mountain-forests of the Danube above Krems. I observed it in 



