7 



the latter district, especially on the Jauerling, at an altitude of 3036 feet above the sea-level, at 

 all seasons of the year; and it is a bird well known to the peasantry. In September 1864 they 

 were very common, and I observed that small birds, such as Finches, Titmice, &c, mobbed them. 

 On the 23rd May, 1867, 1 shot a male at Arnsdorf ; and the keeper who accompanied me obtained 

 a young bird just fledged. Early in June 1867, at Heinrichschlag, a forester found fledged 

 young ; and the same year, about the middle of May, a nest, with three eggs, was found on the 

 Jauerling, but was destroyed. In the mountains of Upper Austria it is nowhere rare, and, 

 according to Brittinger (Brutvog. Oberosterr. pp. 75, 76), has been observed near Gmunden, 

 Spital on the Pyhrn, Sandel in the Miihlkreis, and in the Innkreis; and the royal forester 

 Grill records a nest containing young birds as having been found in the Langbaththal in 1858. 

 In the Salzburg district it is found breeding almost everywhere in the mountains. Count 

 Gourcy-Droitaumont shot a very small form at Salzach-Au, which C. L. Brehm (Isis, 1833, 

 p. 970) described under the name of Nucifraga minor. Althammer speaks of it as common in 

 Northern Tyrol, where it breeds, and appearing periodically in Southern Tyrol. According to 

 "Wiedemann it occurs almost everywhere in the more elevated conifer-woods, at an altitude of 

 from 3500 to 4000 feet, and is especially common near Innsbruck, close to the Upper Lanser- 

 Alpe, in the cedar-growth, where many breed. Baldamus saw in July 1863 several families in 

 the low larch-growth near the Oetzthal-Gletscher, and in 1864 obtained several clutches of eggs 

 from there. Professor Huber met with it in the Zillerthal in January 1856, where it was 

 numerous close to the villages. According to Professor Gredler it occurs in the Sarnthal, on the 

 Reiterjoch, Joch-Grim, &c. Bruhin observed it at all seasons in the Vorarlberg district; and in 

 Styria it is common, especially in the upper portions of that country. It has been frequently 

 found breeding at Bruck a. Mur; and Dr. Fiister obtained nests with eggs there. On the 

 Judenburger and Weit-Alps it occurs everywhere; and late in May 1856 young birds, just able 

 to fly, were observed. In July 1871, when ascending the Sirbitzkogel (7578 feet above the sea- 

 level), I found an empty nest, near which I saw both old and young birds. Mr. Hanf obtained 

 a nest with four eggs from the Jacobsberg on the 29th March, 1872 ; and Seidensacher observed 

 it in Southern Styria, in the Bachergebirge. In Karnthen and Krain it is nowhere rare in the 

 mountains. Fiedler saw numbers in July 1872 near Heiligenblut ; Kuster records it as occurring 

 in the Littoral district, but rarely, during migration. Fiedler states that but few are found in 

 Croatia and Slavonia; and in Siebenbiirgen, according to Bielz, it is a partial migrant, being 

 usually found in the more elevated mountain-forests, visiting the lowlands in larger numbers 

 during the autumn. Hausmann saw it commonly on the so-called Pojana, near Kronstadt, in 

 localities where the hazels abounded, and observed it throughout the winter in the Schuler- 

 gebirge, though he never met with it at a greater altitude than 5000 feet. Hermann met with 

 it in the Bihargebirge, from the foot of the Ylegiasza to Eetyiczel, and in the more elevated 

 portions of the Jarathal, on the Hargitazug, &c. In the mountains of Hungary it is nowhere 

 rare ; Petenyi obtained a nest near Altsohl. In the northern portion of the Neutraer district it 

 is, according to Nagy, a resident, and during the winter occasionally visits the forests surrounding 

 the town of Neutra. Jeitteles records it from Zips. In 1838, and again in 1852, large numbers 

 appeared in the Tokay vineyards and at Miskolcz. It visits Sirmien now and then, is a migrant 

 in the non-evergreen forests of Buckowina, and occurs off and on in Galicia ; Schauer frequently 



