495 



GAEEULUS OYNICKL 



(BLACK-HEADED JAY.) 



Garrulus glandarius, var. (pileo nigro), Hohenacker, Bull. Soc. Mosc. torn. x. p. 141 (1837). 

 Garrulus krynicki, Kaleniczenko, Bull. Soc. Mosc. torn. xii. p. 319, pi. 9 (1839). 



Figura unica. 

 Kaleniczenko, torn. cit. pi. 9. 



S ad. fronte griseo-alba nigro maculata : pileo toto ad nucham nigro, immaculato : facie alba rufescente 

 lavata, : fascia a rostro nigra longiore et angustiore quam in Garrulo glandario : dorso cinereo, versus 

 uropygium rufescente layato : crisso et uropygio albis : parauchenio rufescenti-vinaceo : cauda, alis et 

 corpore subtus ut in Garrulo glandario. 



2 mari similis. 



Juv. adolescenti similis, sed paullo sordidior. 



Adult Male (Ortakeuy, Turkey, 5th February). Forehead greyish white, each feather with a black spot 

 extending almost entirely over the terminal portion of the feather ; entire crown to the nape covered 

 with a crest of jet-black elongated feathers ; nape and back greyish, much more grey in tinge than in 

 Garr. glandarius, but washed with rufous towards the rump ; rump and upper tail-coverts white ; 

 wings, tail, and underparts generally as in Garrulus glandarius ; but the face is somewhat whiter, and 

 the black moustachial stripe rather narrower than in that bird ; beak, legs, and iris as in the Common 

 Jay. Total length 14"5 inches, culmen T35, wing 7 - 4, tail 6 - 4, tarsus 1-8. 



Female. Similar to the male. 



Young. Like the adult, but duller in colour. 



Considerable confusion appears to have existed with regard to the various species or climatic 

 races, as some ornithologists prefer to consider them, of the Black-headed Jays ; and some 

 naturalists, as, for instance, Professor von Nordmann, have even gone so far as to look on the 

 Black-headed Jay as a mere variety of the Common Jay, and not even a permanent race. 

 There are, however, we contend, three distinguishable and good species of this division — the 

 present species, the Syrian Jay, and the Algerian Black-headed Jay — the first two of which are 

 nearest allied, the last being very distinct. 



The first of these, the present species, inhabits Southern Russia, Turkey, and Asia Minor, 

 being replaced in Syria by the second species, Garrulus stridens, Hemp, et Ehr., which differs 

 from the present in being much paler in colour, in having the forehead and sides of the face 

 pure white, and the back rufous, washed with vinous, instead of grey. This species approaches 

 closest to its northern ally, and is one of those birds of which it is difficult to say whether it should 



