OeJsJ 



tibus, colli antici plumis exceptis brunnescentibus, lanceolatis, integris : regione infra oculos nudi- 

 uscula, plumulis singulis piliformibus obsita : plumis colli postici diffractis rigidiusculis. Longitudo 25", 

 alse 16" 2'", tarsi 2\" , rectricis intermedise 9^", extimse fere 7", rostri a fronte 3|". Habitat in Mexico." 



6191. C. andamanensis , Tytler (Ibis, 1866, p. 420), is, judging from specimens I have examined, identical 

 with C. culminatus, Sykes. 



6192. C. corone, L., is the common Crow of Europe. Full particulars as to its range are given below. ' 



6193. C. comix, L., is clearly recognizable by the entire back and underparts, except the throat, being 

 ashy or french grey. Full details as to its range are given in the present work. 



6194. C. intermedins, Adams (P. Z. S. 1859, p. 171). Judging from three specimens of this bird I have now 

 before me, I cannot see that it is separable from C. culminatus ; but a larger series would be necessary 

 to determine this satisfactorily. Tbese three birds vary in measurements as follows — culmen 2-4-2-55, 

 height of bill at base 0'82-0-85, wing 12-5-13-0, tail 7-5-9"0, tarsus 2-1-2-25. 



6195. C. australis, Gm. (Syst. Nat. i. p. 365) (L. coronoides, Vig. & Horsf.), closely resembles our Euro- 

 pean C. corone, but is said to be on the average a trifle larger, and differs in always having the iris pure 

 white instead of brown. It inhabits Tasmania and Australia. A specimen in Canon Tristram's col- 

 lection has the feathers on the throat much elongated and slightly lanceolate. A specimen in the 

 British Museum measures — culmen 2 - 4, wing 13 - 3, tail 7'0, tarsus 2 - 65. 



6196. C. orru, S. Miiller (apud Bp. Consp. i. p. 385), resembles C. corone, but has a somewhat larger bill, 

 and the feathering of the neck and throat resembles more that of C. culminatus and C.japonensis. I 

 have before me one specimen, lent to me by Canon Tristram, which measures — culmen 2 - 5, height of 

 bill at base - 82, wing 12-7, tail 7 - 4, tarsus 2*22. 



6197. C. affinis, Riipp., is a very distinct small Raven, easily recognizable by its extremely long secondaries 

 and peculiarly erect bristles covering the nostrils. Full details respecting this species have already 

 been given. It inhabits North-east Africa and Palestine. 



6198. C. americanus, Aud. This, the American representative of our common Crow, differs from it in having 

 the plumage of the head and neck soft and blended, the tips of the feathers not being pointed and 

 slightly lanceolate as in C. corone. It inhabits North America generally. Professor Baird considers 

 the Florida Crow a distinct form, and calls it C. americanus, var. fioridanus. He says that it differs 

 in having the bill and feet larger, the tail less rounded; third, fourth, and fifth quills nearly equal; 

 third rather longer than the fifth; colours less violet above; wing 12'0, tail 7'7, tarsus 2 - 6. 



6199. C. umbrinus, Hedenb., is recognizable by the brown tinge of the head and neck, in which it differs 

 from other species of Raven. Details respecting this species will be found in the present work. It 

 inhabits North-east Africa and Western Asia. 



6200. C. ruficollis (Less. Traite d'Orn. i. p. 329, 1831 ; C. leptonyx, Peale). I confess I am at a loss to make 

 out what this bird can be. Were it not for the fact that it is said to have the head and entire under- 

 parts snuff-coloured, I should be inclined to believe that it is identical with Corvus tingitanus, especially 

 as this latter species has been brought from Teneriffe by Mr. Godman ; but, irrespective of that difference, 

 the shafts of the quills in C. ruficollis are stated to be barred and spotted with white on their inferior 

 surfaces. In the plate of this species (United States (Wilkes) Expl. Exp. Atl. Orn. pi. v.) the brown 

 coloration of the head and underparts is clearly shown. This plate was drawn from a female in the 

 Museum at Washington, obtained at Madeira, which Professor Cassin describes {op. cit. Orn. p. 117) as 

 follows : — " Head and entire underparts glossy brown or snuff-coloured ; upper parts, except the head, 

 shining purplish black, most lustrous on the back aud coverts of the wing ; feathers of the tail, on their 

 upper surface, with a bluish lustre on their outer, and greenish lustre on their inner webs; inferior 

 surfaces of the wings and tail brownish black, particularly observable on that of the latter ; shafts of 

 the quills, on their inferior surfaces, brownish black, barred and spotted with white ; tips of the feathers 

 on the flanks and under tail-coverts brownish black ; bill and tarsi black. Total length 20 inches, 



L 



