544 



that the ' Dun Crow ' occurs in great numbers near the Blackwater river in Essex, and some 

 remain and breed there every year. Mr. Laver has frequently seen and taken the nest on Osey 

 Island, in the parish of Steeple, on Bomsay Island, and at Paglesham. His cousin, Mr. Eobert 

 Laver, has shot the old bird from the nest, which is generally that of the Carrion-Crow." 

 Dr. Bree has since written to say that the trees in which the Hooded Crow used to breed have 

 been cut down in one of the localities whence he kindly endeavoured to obtain specimens. 



Messrs. Gurney and Fisher mention a pair having once nested near King's Lynn in 1806. 

 There is reason to believe that the Hooded Crow breeds occasionally in North Wales, where the 

 birds have been seen so late as May. The Hooded Crow has been known to breed at Scarborough 

 on two or three occasions. A bird which bred at Hackness is still preserved in the Scarborough 

 Museum. 



Mr. Selby marks the Hooded Crow as breeding occasionally in Northumberland ; and 

 Mr. J. P. Crelliu reports it as breeding annually in the Isle of Man. The bird breeds through- 

 out Scotland, becoming more abundant northwards. 



In the neighbourhood of Glasgow Mr. B. Gray describes the Hooded Crow as constantly 

 pairing with the Carrion-Crow, and says this is the rule, rather than the exception ; and in 

 Eennie's ' Field Naturalist ' (1833, p. 279) Mr. Blyth records that " the same observation has been 

 made near Inverness. This circumstance is greatly in favour of the opinion that the two birds 

 are races of the same species." In Scotland, according to Macgillivray, " it is very abundant in 

 most parts of the northern and middle divisions of Scotland and its islands, but becomes rarer as 

 we advance southward;" and Mr. Eobert Gray (B. of W. of Scotl. p. 173) writes that it is found 

 in the inner group of islands, and also in the Outer Hebrides, including the remoter rocks and 

 St. Kilda, and is there permanently resident, existing in many places in such numbers as to prove 

 a great nuisance both to the farmer and game-preserver. Dunn says that it is a constant resident 

 in Shetland and Orkney, where it builds in rocky cliffs, and frequently on the rocky tops of hills, 

 which are by no means difficult of access. In Ireland, according to Thompson (B. of I. i. p. 310), 

 "it is common and resident in all quarters of the island. In the north and east it has come 

 under my observation at every period of the year, and is fully as numerous in summer as at any 

 other time. At this season, too, I have remarked the bird as common in the west and south ; 

 and my correspondents there agree in noticing it as a resident species." 



It does not appear to have ever occurred in Greenland ; but, according to Professor Newton, 

 it occasionally pays a visit to Iceland, though it does not inhabit that country. Faber saw some 

 in the north in July and August 1819. It is common and resident in the Fasroes, and is also 

 exceedingly numerous in Scandinavia, being found there from the southern provinces up into the 

 high north. Mr. Collett records it as common throughout Norway, up beyond the Eussian 

 frontier, on the fells, ranging into the birch region, and being in the northern provinces more 

 numerous on the islands than inland. 



Sundevall (Sv. Fogl. p. 119) says that there is scarcely a part of Sweden where it is not 

 common. It is found at the North Cape, on Magero, at Hammerfest, and in Lapland, as far 

 as the conifer growth extends. Except in the high north it is a resident, but in Lapland is a 

 migrant. In most localities in Norriand and in some parts of Southern Sweden, as for instance 

 in Smaland, it leaves the interior and frequents the coast in the winter. It winters even in 



