55 



COKVUS FRUGILEGUS. 



(ROOK.) 



Corvus comix frugilega, Briss. Orn. ii. p. 16 (1760). 

 Corvus frugilegus, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 156 (1766). 

 ICorvus clericus, Sparrm. Mus. Carls, i. no. 2. pi. 2 (1786). 

 Colceus frugilegus (L.), Kaup, Natiirl. Syst. p. 114 (1829). 

 Corvus agrorum, C. L. Brehm, Vog. Deutschl. p. 170 (1831). 

 Corvus granorum, C. L. Brehm, torn. cit. p. 171 (1831). 

 Corvus advena, C. L. Brehm, torn. cit. p. 171 (1831). 

 Trypanocorax, Kaup, fide Bp. Consp. Gen. Av. i. p. 384 (1850). 

 Corvus agricola, Trist. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1864, p. 444. 

 Frugilegus frugilegus (L.), G. R. Gray, Hand-list, ii. p. 12 (1870). 



Creumhach-Rocus, Gaelic ; Corbeau-Freux, French ; Gralha, Portuguese ; Corneja calva, 

 Chaya, Spanish ; Corvo, Corvo nero, Italian ; Corvu, Ciaulun, Maltese ; Saatkrahe, 

 German ; Boelc, Dutch ; Kornkrage, Blaa-raage, Danish • Hjaltlands kraaka, Fseroese ; 

 Blaakraake, Norwegian; Raka, Swedish; Pieni-Korppi, Finnish; Orach, Russian. 



Figures notabiles. 



D'Aubenton, PI. Enl. 483, 484 ; Werner, Atlas, Omnivores, pi. 5 ; Kjferb. Orn. Dan. taf. xi. ; 

 Frisch, Vog. Deutschl. taf. 64 ; Fritsch, Vog. Eur. taf. 28. figs. 7, 8 ; Naumann, Vog. 

 Deutschl. taf. 55. figs. 1, 2 ; Sundevall, Sv. Fogl. pi. xx. fig. 3 ; Gould, B. of Eur. pi. 224 ; 

 id. B. of G. B. ii. pi. 60; Schlegel, Vog. Nederl. pi. 139 ; Roux, Orn. Prov. pi. 132. 



Ad. nitide chalybeo-niger, purpurascente resplendens : capite et collo chalybeis, et dorso purpurascente 

 violaceo resplendens : corpore subtus sordidiore : a basi rostri usque ad oculum et in gula cute calva 

 rugosa, instructus : rostro et pedibus nigris : iride fusca. 



Juv. adulto similis sed sordidior, rostro ad basin plumis induto nee nudo. 



Adult Male (Pagham, Sussex, 1st May). Entire plumage glossy black, richly glossed with steel-blue or 

 violet-blue and purple ; base of the beak, all round the eye and chin denuded of feathers, and covered 

 with greyish warty skin; head and neck glossed with steely bluish purple, which on the back and 

 upper parts generally becomes almost violet-purple ; primaries slightly glossed with bottle-green, like 

 the reflections on a Cock's tail, and also, to some extent, with purple ; tail and underparts not so 

 brightly coloured as the rest of the plumage ; bill and feet black ; iris blackish brown. Total length 

 about 18^-19 inches, culmen 2'35, wing 12'75, tail 66, tarsus 2 - 15. 



Adult Female. Similar to the male. 



Young. Resembles the adult bird, but is rather duller in colour, and has the base of the bill feathered as 

 in C. corone ; but these feathers appear somewhat scant and loose. 



