4 Physical Character of the Karens. [No. I, 
Pra-pa-ku, is the name given by the Red Karens to the Bghais 
that live near the Pa-kus. 
Manu-manau isa Burmese name given to a mixed sub-tribe of 
Bghais. 
Pray is the Red Karen name applied to the Manu-manau and to 
some other clans related to the Bghais. 
Lay-may is Burman for a sub-tribe of Bghais, called Pray by the 
Red Karens. 
Shan-kho is a name given to a Bghai clan in the north-eastern part 
of Toungoo. 
Rep Karen, or Ka-ya. 
The Red Karens have no name for themselves, except Ka-ya, or 
Pra-ka-ya. 
Ka-yeu-nie, “‘ Red Karen” is the name given them by the Burmese, 
on account of the red-striped pants they wear. 
Bghai-mu-hta, Bghai-mu-htay, names given them by the Bghais, 
signifying “ Hastern Beha.” 
Yang-laing, ‘‘ Red Karens” is their name among the Shan tribes. 
The-pya the name by which the Kay people designate them. 
Ta-lya a small sub-tribe of Red Karens, are thus denominated by 
the Red Karens themselves. 
Yen-ka-la, the Burmese name of the above clan. 
Tha-vie, or Tha-vie-la-kha is a Red Karen name for a people of 
their own tribe living ten days’ journey above them, on the Salween, 
and who were separated from them when driven from Ava, sixteen 
generations ago. 
In 1861, our Assistant in Karenee reported a singular letter that 
was sent by them to Karenee ; the object of which was not stated dis- 
tinctly, but it was understood as a challenge to fight. The followmg 
is a translation :— 
““ Now, the words of God and his commands have come to us. Let 
all men give up the customs of their ancestors, and offerings to spirits, 
and live in peace. As for us in the land of Tha-vie, we will dwell 
in peace and obey the commands. 
_ “ Nevertheless, at the proper time we will make a feast; and this 
feast is not a woman’s feast, but a man’s feast ; and when the time 
arrives to dance, we will dance. And the shades of the dead, and the 
