54 Tableau of High Asia. [No. 1, 
is the Mustagh passin the Karakorém chain (19,019 ft.), the third the 
Changchénmo, or Yéngi Davaén (about 18,800 ft.), in the same chain. 
None of these passes are generally used as commercial roads. The 
highest pass as yet known to be regularly crossed with horses and 
sheep, for the purposes of commerce, is the Parang pass (18,500 it. ; 
Mr. Theobald, Jr. makes it 19,132 ft., which seems too high—); and 
between this height and 18,000 ft. are situated several of the most 
important and frequented passes, as the Mana (18,406 it.) the Kara- 
korim (18,345 ft.) and the Kidbrang (18,313 ft.). The lowest passes 
in the Himalaya chain are the Shinku La (16,684 ft.) and the Bara 
Lacha (16,186 ft.); the well known Niti pass reaches 16,814 it. 
In the Andes, the general mean elevation of the passes is, according 
to Berghaus : 
Morithe Western eAmdes! Sane, sess eons et Ora 
orate; astern Amdes,: je-ce)-te0 seen 13,500 ft. 
The highest passes are: Alto de Toledo (15,590 ft.), Lagunillas 
(15,590 ft.), and Assuay 15,526 ft.). The latter pass attains, accord- 
ing to Schmarda, only 14,517 it. 
In the Alps, the mean of the passes is ............ 7,550 ft. 
The highest pass, at least in former times not frequently used for 
commercial purposes, is the St. Théodule (11,001 ft.), upon which 
the brothers Platter have now erected a meteorological observatory. 
3. Peaks. 
In the beginning of this century, the Andes were supposed to con- 
tain the highest peaks on our globe, and Chimborazo to rise supreme 
above the rest. Though as early as 1816 this was proved by Captain 
Webb’s measurements to be incorrect, yet some time elapsed, before 
the superiority of the Himdlaya above the Andes was generally 
admitted. Now we know, from the valuable and accurate observations 
of the G. T. Survey of India, that Gaurisdnkar, or Mount Everest 
(29,002 ft.) is the highest peak of the world. The memoir of Major 
J.T. Walker in the Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 1862, 
No. L., pp. 32—48, gives a detailed enumeration of the peaks hitherto 
measured in the Himalaya; this memoir, as well as the publications 
of Captain Montgomerie and private communications kindly received 
from the Surveyor General’s Office, enable me to state, that 216 peaks 
are now accurately measured in the chain of the Himilaya. Among 
