56 Tableau of High Asia. [No. 1, 
Glacier lakes.—Accumulations of water formed by one glacier ob- 
structing the outlet of a higher one—are of much more frequent occur- 
rence. At times, the wall of ice breaks away before the pressure of 
the swollen waters, when the lower lands become suddenly inundated, 
and the torrent rushes on with uninterrupted violence for miles, exer- 
cising a marked influence even down to the lower parts of the river. 
Similar inundations, some of them of a most destructive character, 
have several times occurred. Two of the most elevated glacier-lakes 
are the Destal (17,745 ft.), in Garhval, and the Namtso, or Yunam 
(15,570 ft.) in Lahdl. 
Western Tibet and Turkistdn possess many lakes, all of which are 
situated in great heights; they are, however, gradually drying up, as 
becomes apparent by the unmistakeable marks of larger suriaces re- 
maining from former times. They contain a greater quantity of salt 
than lakes in general, and most of them to an amount which renders 
them more or less brackish. 
The following are the names and the heights of the principal :— 
Lakes of Western Tibet and Turkistan. 
Aksae Chin, ee . 16,620 | Nima Kar, ... fice aeRO 
Tso Gyagar, : 15, 20050 uliauile wae: 500 ... 14,600 
Tso Kar, or Khauri Talau, 15,684 | Tso Gam, ... roe bee ACOOO 
Mire Tso, we . 15,517 | Tso Bul, ae ... 14,400 
Kitk-Kidl, Nee Son Wee 15,460 Tso Mitbal, Fics vosp ACTION, 
Mansaraur, or Tso Mapan, 15,250 | Upper Tsomognalart, ... 14,050 
Rakus Tal, or Tso Lanag, 15,250 | Lower Tsomognalari,... ... 14,010 
Tsomoriri,, coo ooo IL ISO) 
In the ee the most remarkable lake is that of Titicaca 
(12,843 ft.) 
The foot of the Alps is adorned with a great many lakes, all in low 
elevations of from 600 to 1,600 ft. 
2. Springs. 
Springs of an ordinary, mean temperature, commonly called cold 
springs, are of frequent occurrence in High Asia; the finest and most 
copious springs are to be found in Kashmér, as the spring Vérnag, 
Vétur Villar, Kokar Nag, Achibal, A’nat Nag and others. The 
spring Sonda Bréri, also in Kashmir, situate about five miles south- 
east of Shahabad, is the only intermittent spring as yet known in 
High Asia. 
* According to Mr, Theobald, Jr. (see Journ. As. Soc., Beng, 1862, No. V., 
p- 513) only 14,272 
