1866.] Tableau of High Asia. oT 
In Western Tibet, where rains in the higher parts are rare, and 
where the dryness in summer is so excessive that even the formation 
of dew is scarcely perceptible, cold springs are comparatively rare. 
In Turkistén, in Balti, and Hasora, we find a greater number of 
springs; a fact intimately connected with the general meteorological 
conditions of these provinces. | 
With reference to the limit, at which springs are to be found still 
in High Asia, I give the following data, derived from our own obser- 
vations. The greatest height, at which we found a spring in the 
Himalaya, was 15,920 {t.; this ‘spring was situated on the slopes of 
‘the Kytngar pass. In Tibet, we discovered a real spring on the 
slopes of the Ibi Gamin peak still at a height of 17,650 it.; this 
spring is. probably the highest spring hitherto found. 
As the highest spring in the Andes, Humboldt names the one 
called “Ladera de Cadlud,” at a height of 15,526 ft. above the level 
of the sea; in the Alps, Adolphe and Hermann have found the high- 
est cold spring at 10,440 ft. 
Hot springs occur in High Asia in a surprisingly great number,* 
from the sea-level up to heights of more than 16,000 ft. The highest 
hot springs of High Asia are at Murgai, (16,382 ft.), in Nubia, at: 
Momai (about 16,000 ft.), in Sikkim, at Paga (15,264 ft.), in Ladak, 
near the lake Aitkkié (15,010 ft.), in Turkistan, and at Chagrar 
(about 15,000 ft.), in Pangkéng. As a carious and remarkable fact I 
may add, that the highest hot spring in India, at Hazaribagh, in 
Bengal, is only 1,750 ft. above the level of the sea. 
The hottest spring of High Asia is at Manikarn (temp. 202° Faht.) 
in Kulu (this is the hottest spring as yet found all over Asia), at 
Jamnotri (temp. 193° Faht.) in Garhval, and at Chorkénda (temp. 
190° Faht.) in Balti. The hottest springs of the world Gf we 
exclude those, which rise in the immediate neighbourhood of volca- 
noes) are to be found in the Andes. There ‘‘ Aguas de Comangillas,”’ 
near Chichemequillo and Quanaxuato, at a height of about 6,200 ft., 
in latitude north 21°, show a temperature of 205°.3 Faht.;+ and the 
springs “Las Trincheras’” between Porto Cabello and Valencias, in 
*See the “ Hnumeration of the hot springs of India and High Asia, given 
by me in As. Soc. Journal, 1864, No, I., p. 49. 
( + Humboldt’s “ Essai pratique sur la Nouvelle Espagne.’ 2nd Ed., Vol. III, 
1827), p. 190. 
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