64 Tableau of High Asia. ENow I, 
the world there exists a permanently inhabited place at a height ex- 
ceeding 15,600 ft. Paul de Carmoy’s ‘‘ Pueblo de Ocoruro,” in the 
Sierra Nevada, 18,454 ft. high, will prove, on a closer examination, to 
be a temporarily inhabited place, similar to the swmmer villages of 
Tibet, of which I name Gartok (15,090 it.), Norbu (15,946 ft.), and 
Piga (15,264 ft.) 
In the Kiimliin, even the foot of its southern (Tibetan) slopes is so 
elevated, that no villages exist at all. By combining with our own 
observations a variety of reports received, I obtain for its northern 
slopes 9,400 ft. as the limit of permanently inhabited villages; sum- 
mer villages reach about 10,200 ft. 
In the Andes, large and important permanently inhabited places 
have been built at great heights (Cerro de Pasco, 14,098 it., Potosi 
13,665 ft.); they are generally situated on plateaux. Santa Barbara, 
a mine with solid houses, about three miles south of Huancavelica, is 
situated at a height of 14,508 ft. 
For the Alps, I have already had occasion to mention their summer 
villages. The highest permanently inhabited villages are in the 
valley of Avers in Graubindten, where Juf lies at an elevation of 
7,172 it., and that of Cresta exceeds 6,700 ft. But the roads leading 
across the passes have rendered it necessary to construct houses near 
the top which are permanently inhabited; the highest of these at 
present being the well known monastery of St. Bernard (8,114 ft.) 
As long as the road over the Stelvio or Stilfser Joch was kept up, 
Santa Maria (8,146 ft.) was also inhabited throughout the year. 
D5 Pasture-grounds. 
In the Himdlaya, pasture-grounds “ Karik,” for sheep and bovine 
cattle, are for the most part in low elevations, and at no great dis- 
tance from the villages. The Karik Biterguar, in Kimadon, must be 
mentioned as an exception to this general rule, it being situated at 
an elevation of 14,594 ft. Nowhere are there built on these pasture- 
grounds chalets (Alpenhiitten), which are as little used in the Hima- 
laya as tents in the Alps. 
Dairies, which are dispersed all over the Alps, and which form the 
source of a profitable income under an able management, are quite 
unknown in the Himalaya, even in those parts, as Kashmir and Nepal, 
