90 Mr. Verchére on the Geology of Kashmir, [No. 2, 
on the physical geography of Little Thibet, and Dr. Thompson’s work 
on the same country ; neither have I had the benefit of Mr. Medlicott’s 
Memoir on the southern ranges of the Himalaya, between the rivers 
Ganges and Ravee, nor any of the other papers which have been 
written on the Sub-Himalayan ranges. 
Of the geology of Kashmir especially, I believe that very little 
indeed has ever been published, and that not even a geological horizon 
has been discovered. Mr. Vigne and Dr. A. Fleming reported having 
found in Kashmir ‘‘ Nummulitic limestone disturbed and calcined by 
greenstone ;” this was an error of some importance, as it gave a false 
datum from which to fix the age and relations of the Azoic rocks. 
Dr. A. Fleming, in his report on the Geological Structure of the Salt 
Range, published in Selections from Public Correspondence of the 
Punjab Administration, Vol, II., 1855, has the following passage :-— 
“From Kashmir, too, Mr. Vigne obtained limestone containing 
“nummulites. This we have seen in situ on the side of a mountain 
“at the upper end of the Manus Bal lake, where it is much disturbed 
“and calcined by greenstone. It probably forms the summit of 
“many of the higher hills on the northern side of the Kashmir valley, 
“a district fraught with interest to the geologist and hitherto quite 
“ unexplored.” 
When [ arrived at Srinuggur, Mr. Drew, who had visited Manus 
Bal, showed me some specimens of the limestone of that locality, and 
expressed a doubt about the markings seen on the rock being nummu- 
lites; he considered their markings to be the result of crystallisation 
and weathering; but I could not accept this view, and regarded 
the little marks as indications of organisms. I was unwilling to 
believe that Dr. A. Fleming could possibly have made a mistake 
about nummulites, after the experience he had had of their appearances 
in the Salt Range and the Bunnoo district ; and, as Mr. Drew ac- 
knowledged that he was not familiar with the nummulitic formation, 
and the specimens shown me were very bad and _ ill-preserved, indeed 
merely faint marks in a coarse limestone, I temporarily admitted 
Dr. Fleming’s view. I was, at the time, unable to visit Manus Bal, 
or to absent myself a single day from Srinuggur, owing to great 
sickness amongst the visitors; but I had the good luck to discover 
abed of fossiliferous limestone and shales within a few miles of 
