92 Mr. Verchére on the Geology of Kashmir, [No. 2, 
T have added a few sketches of fossils which, I hope, will be found 
sufficiently well done to enable the organisms to be easily recognized. 
The forms sketched are those which have appeared to me most 
characteristic of the beds met with. 
The two parts of which this paper consists are nearly separate 
memoirs. In the first, chapters 1 and 2, a description of the mountains 
of Kashmir is given in some detail. In the second theoretical views 
are discussed; but as Kashmir is merely a small portion of the 
Himalaya, it was found impossible to understand many fossils without 
taking such general views as referred to the whole mass of the 
chain ; and, further, as the Himalayan chain is supposed by me to be 
intimately connected with the Afghan mountains, these mountains 
had also to be considered. In order to be intelligible, it became 
therefore necessary to write a cursory survey of the Afghan-Himalayan 
regions ; this is done in the 3rd chapter. It is of course very superficial 
and incomplete ; yet I hope that it may not be without some interest. 
On the data furnished by the first three chapters, the hypotheses 
advanced in the fourth are based. : 
I have not entered into many details on the eocene and miocene 
formations (except incidentally), as it would have lengthened to undue 
proportion this already too long paper; these formations deserve to 
be studied by themselves. The same remarks apply to the Jurassic 
and Saliferian rocks. In chapter 3, however, a few words will be 
found on the nature and relations of these beds. The principal object 
of this paper, in its descriptive portion at least, has been a study of 
the older rocks, viz. Silurian and carboniferous, together with the 
volcanic and metamorphic rocks. 
I trust that the many imperfections and errors which cannot fail to 
occur in a memoir of this nature, will not be too severely criticised. 
My excuse is that this paper was prepared at one of the out-posts of 
the Punjab Frontier, where I had not the usual assistance of a Museum 
anda Library. Such as it is, I hope that it may not be without 
interest to some of the members of the Society who are fond of 
geological researches. 
