108 Mr. Verchére on the Geology of Kashmir, [No. 2, 
of augite, and that any of these crystalline minerals or all of them 
may disappear, leaving a rock entirely composed of a saccharoid paste 
of albite. At other times the quartz becomes very abundant, and 
thick bands of white quartzite traverse the mass. Again, the augite, 
which is sometimes wholly wanting and at others in very minute 
specks only, may increase and at last predominate and form dark 
rocks with a semi-metallic lustre, the augite being generally collected 
in masses of aggregate plates having the lustre of iodine. It very 
often happens that the minerals are arranged in bands or layers as in 
gneiss, and this apparent foliation also varies much, and often it does 
not exist at all, whilst in other instances it is extremely well marked, 
thus gradually forming a passage to the clinkstone, described in the 
beginning of this paper. 
13.—I have not visited the high summits of the Kaj Nag : indeed, 
I have only seen a few spurs of this enormous centre of mountains ; 
but, from the road between Nausherra and Ori, one can see on the 
other side of the river, towards the tops of the hills, immense masses 
of the white porphyry glaring in the sun through the underwood which 
covers these mountains ; and Captain H. Godwin-Austen, G. T. S., 
who assisted in the survey of this district, informed me that the white 
porphyry of the Buddist ruin at Buniar forms the summits and 
all the central system of the Kaj Nag range. From a coloured sketch 
kindly made for me by this officer we are enabled to see that the 
porphyry forms the whole of the main chain of the Kaj Nag, a portion 
of the huge North-Western branch, and extends along the western 
or Mozufferabad branch towards Hazara. The rock passes gradually 
from the granitoid porphyry I have described to less and less crystal- 
lized rocks, until it becomes the pencillated white and blue felstone 
which we have seen at Baramoola, and finally the earthy, slate-like 
felstone of the Atala mount.* 
The summit of the Sank or Sallar, on the left bank of the Jheelum, 
I have also painted as volcanic porphyry, from my observing that the 
valley of the Apaikey is strewed with blocks of porphyry to a 
* Captain Austen described the felstone asa hard slate, but as he said 
that this slate was identical with the “hard slate of the lofty cliffs over the 
road near Nausherra,’ it is evident that what was taken for slate, was an 
earthy slate-like felstone. At the time Captain G. Austen observed these 
rocks, he had not yet begun to study geology. 
