168 Mr. Verchére on the Geology of Kashmir, [No. 3, 
not visited that long chain of hills, and have not travelled up the 
Kohew valley, I was enabled in following these ribbons, to see 
that it is composed of the variety of limestone which I have galled 
the Weean Bed. 
We shall observe these ribbons wherever the Weean limestone 
is well developed; they are to be seen in the section I have 
given, between Yeeawan and Koonmoo, on the southern aspect of 
the Zebanwan. I did not mention them there, because they 
make but little show near these localities; but we shall see them 
well marked near Mutton, in the eastern portion of the valley of 
Kashmir. 
32. I will now try to characterise the Weean Bed of carboniferous 
limestone. . 
It is a very arenaceous and argillaceous limestone, the sand bemg 
either in thin grey bands, or mixed with the general paste of 
the rock. A sandy, marly clay, yellow, dirty-yellow, pale brown 
or brown, forms thin and very false-bedded films in the rock, so 
that this is striped when bisected vertically, and patchy bluish and 
yellow when divided horizontally. The hardest beds are brittle, flesh- 
coloured and generally full of bright red minute crystals of hematite, 
and the fossils are here replaced by a powdery or semi-crystalline 
hematite which, however imperfectly, preserves their outlines. The 
harder rock is never blue, and the blue variety of rock is suffici- 
ently muddy to have a soft, velvety, lustreless appearance like a 
fine clay, and not the clean brittle fracture of a pure and hard 
limestone. It has in places all the appearance of a very dirty dark- 
grey mud dried up, and it is then full of fossils and extremely fetid. 
It contains lenticular beds of a very pale, nearly friable limestone, 
containing black specks which are the rings of stems of very minute 
crinoids, and this variety of soft limestone is the habitat of large 
bivalves. One single bed of limestone may be mistaken for Zeeawan 
limestone, bluish-grey, coarse hard and semi-crystalline, but it 
contains innumerable Foraminifere transformed into yellow ochre; 
very large Peciens, and an incredible quantity of fragmentary 
Crinoidea. Indeed, it is the great number of those small rings of 
crinoid stems, always crystallized, which causes the. rock to resemble 
the limestone of the Zeeawan Bed. 
