1866. ] the Western Himalaya and Afghan Mountains. WS 
nuous, the several summits being re-united to one another by ridges 
of stratified ash, agglomerate and limestone. These connecting 
ridges have been denuded by the several streams which flow towards 
the bottom of the valley, and the limestone is now found only in 
limited beds, which have escaped denudation from the shelter they 
received of large and hard volcanic mountains. These streams and 
rivers, it is hardly necessary to mention, have had a volume very 
different from what we see now-a-days ; the enormous layers of lacus- 
trine conglomerate, which they have accumulated near their entrances 
into the valley, demonstrate plainly their former great denudating 
power. The direction of these streams being from the high moun- 
tains in the N. H., to the bottom of the valley in the 8. W., they have 
cut for themselves channels which are directed from N. H.—S. W., and 
thus bands of the ridges, which united the summits of our first chain 
to those of the second chain, have remained between the channels of 
these streams, and given to those mountains the appearance of being 
long spurs descending from the N. H. to the S. W. 
56. I shall, I hope, best terminate these detailed Sections, by 
appending a table of the fossiliferous and other rocks in Kashmir, to- 
gether with such observations as the nature of the rocks or the fauna 
best justify. 
a 
£ 3 Masses, Beds, &c. &e. Fossils. Conditions indicated. 
a. Granitoid porphyry ; tra- vaadieg Melted masses which have not 
chyte and felstone. flowed, or have flowed under 
water. Centres of volcanic 
| action. 
b. Greenstone amygdaloid, 500006 Melted masses which have flow- 
a basalt. ed under water or in the air. 
# | \c. Felspathic and  augi- 500000 Volcanic ejecta falling in shal- 
iS) tic ash; agglome- low water. 
aa rate, &c. 
= | jd. Black slate, sometimes 500006 Mud derived from volcanic 
q : 
4 amygdaloidal. rocks, rearranged by shallow 
a water, often heated by 
= showers of hot ashes, vapours 
; or currents of lava. 
“| |e. Laterite, slate, baked Mealeue Same origin and same condi- 
clay. tions. 
- Quartzite, vewnee Geyserian action. End of the 
great volcanic eruptions ap- 
proaches. 
g. Similar to e, genes Occasional eruptions and slight 
fall of ashes and dust in shal- 
low seas. 
