200 Mr. Verchére on the Geology of Kashmir, [No. 3 
amount of sand and clay which was washed into it from the volcanic 
islands which studded it, by a rain-fall of tremendous volume. 
57. We have yet to describe the second and third catenated chains 
of Kashmir; the second is marked by the summits of Liwapatur 
(13,012), Churn Wolkalbul (14,310), Girdwali (14,060), Batgool 
(14,423), Boorwaz (13,087), Handil (13,273), Saijhaha (11,334), and 
joins the first parallel at the Safapoor on the eastern shore of the 
Woolar lake. On the other side of the lake, it is continued by the 
Kahoota, the Manganwar (8,728), and the Sheri Bal. These moun- 
tains are all composed of volcanic rocks and of azoic slate inter- 
bedded with ash and agglomerate. They need not therefore be 
described in detail. The Boorwaz, Handil and Batgool form 
a porphyritic mass which is generally described by travellers as 
granite ; it passes gradually on the west into amygdaloid and green- 
stone to form the summits of Saijhaha over the village of Gunder- 
bul. The transition between the porphyry and the greenstone is 
a feldspathic rock of a pale colour and imbedding very numerous 
transparent crystals of quartz, a description of rock which is also 
found to form a passage between the porphyry and the felstone of 
the Kaj Nag. From the examination of a few specimens, kindly 
given to me by travellers, I have no doubt that the whole of this mass 
of mountains is composed of volcanic rocks, volcanic ejecta and slate. 
T am not aware that limestone exists anywhere amongst the spurs 
of these hills. Between the valley of Thral or Trahal and the river 
Lidar, there is a great labyrinth of mountains with many of the 
summits enumerated above, but I could obtain no information 
regarding them. I therefore requested Captain MacQueen, of the Punjab 
Trregular Force, who had arranged a shooting expedition to these hills 
to be kind enough to bring me a few specimens of the commonest 
rocks of the country he was about to visit, and also any rock which 
appeared to him in any way remarkable. By the use of the speci- 
mens thus obtained, and the examination of Captain MacQueen’s 
route on the map, I was enabled to ascertain that the whole mass of 
these mountains is composed of the same volcanic rocks, which I have 
described in detail at the Tukt-i-Suliman and the Zebanwan. Ashes 
appear to have been accumulated in enormous quantity; they are 
interbedded with bands of black compact slate such as is so well seen 
