16 Lhe Ethnology of India. 
South, it will be seen when I come to details, that the change of 
language very much puzzles and baffles me in the attempt to 
trace the tribes and castes from North to South, and in fact causes 
a substantial gap in the contiguity of my survey, which I trust 
that others will fill. To return to a geological metaphor, there 
is as it were a serious fault at the point where the change of 
languages takes place. A similar series of strata goes on upon 
the other side, but I can’t exactly identify the particular veins and 
say which is which. The same series of classes with similar cha- 
racteristics prevail in the South, and, knowing that they must have 
come from the North in a continuous stream, one feels sure that they 
must be identical with Northern congeners. It remains for those 
who have an intimate knowledge of the country on either side of the 
Fault to connect the broken links. Meantime, with the exception 
of the Bramins (who may be traced all through India), I must notice 
the people of the Southern countries separately. 
Commonly as the term is used, it may be well to say a word 
in justification of the use of the term ‘ Arians’ as applied to all 
the Northern people. Not only are they known by the South- 
erners as Aryas, (see Buchanan,) but in fact I believe the term to 
be the correct one. JI am aware that some have set down the Jats 
and others as Scythians and Turanians. I have no intention of quar- 
relling with any one who chooses to call them Scythians, for that is 
a very wide and uncertain word, which may have been applied to 
Germans as well as to Jats. But if the word Turanian is applied to 
Punjabees, in the sense of expressing that branch, of the human race 
which we call Mongolian, the squat, flat-faced, peculiar eyed, beardless 
people of Central, Northern, and Hastern Asia, then I say that 
the term is wholly inapplicable. Anything more unlike Mongols 
than the tall, handsome, high featured, long bearded Punjabees it . 
is impossible to imagine. To say, on the strength of some obscure 
similarity of names, that any of these people are Mongols and 
Tartars, is not only as unfounded as the connection between Mon- 
mouth and Macedon, but is opposed to the most palpable physical 
facts. It would be about, as reasonable to say that the people of 
Tamworth are really Negroes of Timbuctoo, because Tam and, Tim 
are clearly the same word. An Englishman is not more unlike a 
Negro, than a Punjabee is unlike a Mongol. 
