Pie Ethnology of India, 17 
Assuming then that the North-Indians are what we call Caucasian 
in feature, the only question would be whether they may be in any 
degree Semitic. This there seems to be no ground for supposing ; 
there is no radical trace of Semitic language, and we nowhere trace any 
considerable immigration by land of Arabian or other Semitic tribes. 
That being so, I hope that I may properly call the North-Indians 
Arians, and extend the title to all those Indians in whom Arian 
features predominate, even where they have been softened down and 
otherwise qualified by intermixture. 
Although I believe any division of the Northern tribes in India 
into Arian and Turanian to be quite out of place, I have long had 
an impression that the result of a thorough examination may be to 
divide the Indian Arians into two classes; the earlier Arians, the de- 
scendants of the most ancient Hindus, a people acute, literary, skilled 
in arts, but not very warlike, and rather aristocratic than demo- 
cratic in their institutions ; and the later Arians, warlike people—pos- 
sibly once Scythians—democratic in their institutions, and rather 
energetic than refined and literary. War does not seem to have been 
one of the earliest arts ; we are told that the earliest Egyptians have left 
little in their monuments which suggests that art, and it may be that 
the earliest Hindus had little occasion for it, meeting with but simple 
and peaceful savages. The later Arians appear, in my view, in their 
manners and institutions more nearly to resemble the German tribes, and 
perhaps to them might more properly be applied the term Indo-Germanic. 
The earliest Hindus appear to have had an intimate connection with 
the hills immediately adjoining India on the North-west, and there may 
well have been gradual immigration from the hills to the plains. But 
at a later period, when the people in possession of the North of India 
had acquired considerable power, it seems hardly possible that large 
bodies of conquering immigrants should have found their way to India 
by Cabul andthe Khyber Pass. Those defiles are far too difficult to 
be forced by strangers in large bodies accompanied by women and 
children. The Affghans, and those who have ruledthe Affghans, have 
had the command of the direct route ; but if Rajpoots, Jats &c. came 
as immigrant peoples, they probably came by the route of the Bolan, 
oceupying the high pastoral lands about Quettah, and thence descend- 
ing into the plains below. We shall find accordingly that the Jats 
