The Ethnology of India. 81 
In Upper Scinde, up the course of the Indus, and in the south-west- 
ern Punjab, they are now for the most part Mahommedans, and in that 
character seem to be somewhat inferior to their unconverted and 
perhaps purer brethren; the more so as they have been long subject 
to foreign rule. The language spoken along the line of the Indus 
and throughout Upper Scinde is there known as the “‘ Jatee Gul’ or 
Jat language, but is in fact identical with that which we call 
Punjabee. The Punjabee may, in fact, properly be called the Jat 
language; to the Jats the dialect seems especially to belong, and by 
them chiefly it is spoken. Advancing eastwards into the Punjab and 
Rajpootana, we find Hindu and Mahommedan Jats much mixed ; it 
often happens that one-half of a village or one branch of a family is 
Mahommedan, and the other Hindu. Further east, Mahommedan Jats 
become rarer and rarer, and both about Lahore and all that part of 
the Punjab and along the line of the Upper Sutlej] and Jumna the 
great mass remain unconverted. In the Punjab they all take the 
name of ‘ Sing,’ and dress somewhat differently from ordinary Hindu 
Jats, but for the most part they only become formally Sikhs, when 
they take service, and that change makes little difference in their 
laws and social relations. The Jats of Dehli, Bhurtpore, &e. are 
a very fine race. They still bear the old Hindu names of ‘ Mull’ and 
such like, and are not all ‘Sings.’ In Rajpootana the Jats are pro- 
bably a good deal intermixed by contact with Meenas, &c., and they 
have now been long subject to an alien rule. One does not there 
hear much of them otherwise than as quiet and submissive cultivators. 
The Jat Sings of the Punjab and the Upper Sutle) may probably 
be taken as the best representative type of the race. They area 
remarkably five variety of man—tall, large, well-featured, with very 
plentiful and long beards, fine teeth, and a very pleasant open expres- 
sion of countenance. I am told that in the Punjab Regiments, which 
select from several of the finest races in the world, the Sikhs are upon 
the whole the largest men, although they are not so stout-limbed or 
in certain respects quite so robust as the Affghan Pathans. Perhaps 
the larger population to choose from may have something to do 
with the superior size, but I should say that on an average they are 
taller than Pathans, with the upper part of the body especially well 
developed. In pluck and Military qualities they excel the fairer and 
