96 The Ethnology of India. 
known by their own tribal names only ; they have no common appel- 
lation. On the one hand much in their features, &c. would seem to show 
that they have kindred with the Kashmeerees or with the pre-Hindu 
congeners of the earlier Indians found in the hills farther west; on the 
other hand, their language and character, dress, and the architecture 
of their houses would indicate that they are nearly allied to the 
Punjabees. The language is altogether Punjabee. In these respects 
they wholly differ from Kashmeerees. Jats and Rajpoots are so well 
known that one would think that if they belonged to those tribes, 
they would say so. As it is, the only tribe which admits a Hindu- 
stanee origin, is that which seems to have the least claim to it, the 
Dilazaks, the predecessors of the present Pathan tribes in the Peshawar 
valley, and who seem to have themselves so considerable an infusion 
of Pathan blood that it has been doubted whether they are not earlier 
Pathans. 
The Swattees too, the people driven out of Swat by the Euzofzyes, 
though in the main of the blood which supplied the early Indians, 
must be considered pre-Hindus, and have now a considerable Pathan 
intermixture. 
The Gukkurs were the rulers of the Rawal Pindee district in com- 
paratively modern times. They might possibly be foreign conquerors, 
but if so, it would seem singular that they should have completely 
lost their language, and so entirely assimilated to those around them. 
In appearance I do not think Gukkurs could be distinguished from 
Awans. Both are very large fine men, but pot exceedingly fair, in- 
habiting as they do a dry, bare, rather low country, hot in summer. 
The Awans are the most numerous of these frontier tribes, and the 
best ; there is no finer people in India. They are settled in large 
agricultural communities in the ‘ Chuch’ plain, immediately facing 
the Peshawur valley on this side the Indus, and are also found in 
smaller bodies somewhat to the east, in the Jhelum, Guzerat, and 
Sealkot districts. They are good soldiers as well as good cultivators, 
and might be taken for the best class of Jats. 
The Dhoonds and Tanaolees are to the north in the outer range 
of the Himalaya and about the Indus near Torbela. I have not been 
in the Tanaolee country, but the Dhoonds seemed to me to be the hand- 
somest among handsome tribes. It is to be remarked, however, that 
