100 The Ethnology of India. 
through Persian and Affghan peoples. And on the Frontier, the term 
Mogul is now applied to Persian-speakers, as distinguished from 
Pushtoo-speaking Pathans. Most people will there tell you that 
‘Mogul’ means a Persian, but it is really a somewhat wider designa- 
tion. In Cabul, the Mahommedan population is simply divided into 
Pathans and Moguls (or non-Pathans), the latter being chiefly compos- 
ed of Persian Kazzilbashes and the like. So then in the armies and 
followings of the Hmperors of Dehli, Foreigners were divided into 
Pathans and Moguls; but while the Pathan settlers are many, the 
Moguls are, as I have said, very few. 
In small Mahommedan countries there are numerous people claim- 
ing to be descendants of the prophet aiter the easy Mahommedan 
form of descent. Indian Syuds are generally mere loose waits of 
low degree among the Urban population; but here and there we have 
considerable settlements of Syuds holding villages or jagheers, and 
where these occur, they generally claim and maintain a good deal of 
dignity and propriety, and are a superior and well educated, if some- 
times somewhat bigoted, class. 
It is generally said that a ‘Sheik’ means only a Mahommedan who 
is neither Pathan, Mogul, nor Syud. There are, however, a good 
many respectable landholders, and some village communities who bear 
the name of Sheiks; for instance, the old proprietors of Lucknow, when 
it was but a village, were Sheiks. It is impossible to trace the 
origin of these people, much less that of the loose Urban Mahomme- 
dan population. But I think it may be said that, generally speaking, 
the Mahommedans retain among them considerable traces of north- 
western origin. Dress and manners may have something to do with 
it, and there are of course many exceptions, but on an average they 
are fairer and show fewer marks of aboriginal intermixture than the 
Hindus. High-Arian features are not unfrequently to be seen among 
them. Hven among those who do not directly claim to belong to 
Pathan and other tribes of the North-West, one often sees handsome 
faces, features, and beards, such as would make good ‘ wise men of the 
east,’ or the very best of our oriental imaginings. It is impossible to 
attribute to these features, in Northern, Central and Kastern India, a 
Semitic origin (on the South Western borders it is another matter), and 
I attribute them to the hilly countries of the North-Western Arians. 
