The Ethnology of India. 111 
such as I have described to be the social form of other castes. They 
are always mixed among other classes. 
It is somewhat singular that the Khatrees, so important in Affgha- 
nistan, and who also push so far into Central Asia, are altogether 
excluded from Bramin Kashmere ; they are not found there at all. In 
point of acuteness, I fancy it is an instance of ‘two of a trade.’ In the 
hills, however, the ‘ Kukkas’ on the east bank of the Jhelum are said 
to have been originally Khatrees, (they are a curiously handsome race); 
and in the interior of the Kangra hills there is an interesting race of 
fine patriarchal-looking shepherds called ‘ Gaddees,’ most of whom are 
Khatrees. There are some Bramins among them, and some of low 
caste, but the great majority are Khatrees, and their story is that 
they are the remnant of the former rulers of the plains of the Punjab, 
driven to the hills by conquering invaders. They are a very pleasant, 
frank, simple people, quite apart from their present neighbours, and a 
great puzzle. Khatree traders are numerous in Dehli, are found in 
Agra, Lucknow and Patna, and are well known in the Burra Bazar 
of Calcutta (though there they are principally connected with Punjab 
firms). But as soon as they pass east from the limits of the Punjab, 
they get into the mercantile field of the Bunneeahs, who are quite 
their equals in mere mercantile ability where little physical courage 
is required, and in the Bunneeah country the Khatree merchants are 
mere exceptions in large towns. 
In Behar there seems to be a considerable agricultural class called 
Kshatrees, Chatrees, or Khatrees, who are distinct from and considered 
to be somewhat lower in rank than Rajpoots. They seem somewhat 
to affect a Military character, sometimes serve, I believe, as soldiers, 
and are well known as ‘ Darwans’ and the like in Calcutta. Bucha- 
nan seems to have been inclined to suppose that they are really Kha- 
trees from the west, but I have not yet been able to ascertain whe- 
ther they are in truth of the same caste as the mercantile Khatrees. 
I do not know the exact limits of the Khatrees to the south. IL 
have not visited Mooltan which is a great mercantile centre of the 
race, and cannot accurately distinguish between Khatree and Bun- 
neeah sects called by their sub-tribal names. The term ‘ Mooltanees’ 
seems to be applied to several trading sects in different parts of Cen- 
tral India, &c., some apparently wandering Pathan traders, and some, 
