120 The Ethnology of India. 
very different in dress from the Hindustanee Kaits; they are, I 
should say, generally fairer and better looking. I should much like 
to know more about them. 
Tae ARTISANS. 
For ethnological purposes it would be useless to go through the 
long lists of professional castes, as they cannot, so far I know, be 
distinguished as representing races, but are merely the modern Hindu 
social division into professions. It will nearly suffice to say that in 
Northern India almost every possible profession has its separate caste, 
and that there is no grouping of them together, either into right hand 
and left hand, or into such groups as the Punchalas of the south. 
Nothing of the kind is known; Carpenters, Blacksmiths, Goldsmiths, 
Bricklayers, Potters, Barbers, Confectioners, Washermen, Spirit-sel- 
Yers, and very many others, have all their own separate castes, and 
they eat and marry within those castes. Some are more and some 
less strict Hindus. All are of a low-Arian type, and I am not prepared 
to suggest any ethnological differences, except that they are better 
looking in the Punjab, and less so to the east and south. I doubt, 
whether substantial differences can be found till we get lower, to tribes 
exhibiting more decided aboriginal traces. Most professions bear 
different names in Bengal from those in Hindustan. I do not know 
much of these classes in Goozerat and the Maratta country. 
The Hindustanee Kahars or Palkee-bearers are a considerable class, 
and are strong hard-working men, rather good looking than otherwise. 
They stand well among Hindus, whose water-carriers they are, and 
who will therefore generally drink from their hands. ‘They are also 
fishermen and cultivate a good deal. They have by caste nothing 
whatever to do with cow-keeping, though they may own cows, like 
other people. I believe that they are quite distinct both from 
Bengal Gwallas and from south country Buis or Booes. They are 
found in parts of the Punjab as well as in all Hindustan, but not in 
the west of the Punjab. 
Tue Inrerton AND Hetot Cuasszs. 
Finally I come to the inferior labouring classes, the Helots and 
out-castes, among whom, if anywhere, the aboriginal blood should 
show itself in a marked way. 
