The Ethnology of India. 129 
dynasty) are principally inhabited by races alien to the Canarese, 
more akin to the Marattas in the extreme north, and akin to the 
Malayala people in the south. Aout and under the Ghats, the 
Marattas and Northern Bramins run farther south than they do on 
the plains of the Deccan. 
On the other side of the Peninsula, the Carnatic, wholly Non- 
Canarese, will always be called the Carnatic, because a dynasty seated 
in the Canarese country once had authority there. 
The real Canarese country is, the southern part of the Bombay 
Presidency, part of the adjoining Nizam’s territory, part of Bellary, 
and nearly the whole of Mysore. The Canarese can scarcely be said 
to be Hindus, the Lingamite sect so much prevails, and those Linga- 
mites so entirely ignore Bramins, and so completely make their Lingam 
worship a separate faith. Most of the people are called ‘ Lingamites’ 
or ‘ Sibahtagars,’ a name which conceals various castes and races; for 
it is only a religious designation, and Lingamites are of many castes, 
So far as I can gather, the chief people of the Canarese country 
are the Banijagas who both trade and hold land, and are very 
numerous. 
In the north of this couutry the Reddies, whom I have already men- 
tioned, are described as a fine handsome powerful race, capital culti- 
vators, living together in large villages, and raising much cotton, which 
with other produce they often export as well as grow. They pay their 
revenue well, but are jealous of interference in their village concerns, 
and somewhat litigious. This is an old account, and it seems very 
like what might be said of Jats. J do not know what is the present 
condition of these communities. The widows of the Reddies re- 
marry. They are much superior to their southern Maratta neighbours 
in an industrial and personal point of view. 
Farther south the chief castes of Hindu cultivators are ‘Wokuls’ or 
‘ Ooculagas,’ said to be called by the Mahommedans ‘ Koonbees,’ and 
whom the Abbe Dubois considers to be in essentials the same as or 
similar to the Tamul Vellallers, though they will not eat or marry 
together. Whatever they may originally have been, they are evidently 
now a different caste from both Koonbees and Vellallers. I have few 
particulars regarding their character, but they seem to be on the 
whole good cultivators, The headmen of Canarese villages ave called 
