132 The Ethnology of India. 
children. They have apparently some Poojarees of their own caste, 
but also to some degree accept Bramins as priests. Some of them 
are educated, or at least some sections of them are quite literate. 
Of this sort I have mentioned the Modelliars, who are distinctly 
stated to be a branch of them, but I am not quite sure whether it 
actually is so as regards the Pillays. The Vellallers are the principal 
tribe among the T'amul population im the north of Ceylon. The 
whole race seems to be an industrious good people. 
The cowherds in the Tamul country are it appears called “ Idayan,” 
and I have alluded to the learned branch of the cowherd race called 
Yadavas. I have not been able to ascertain who are the merchant 
class among the amul people, whether Modelliars, Pillays, &e. or 
whether there are any Banijagas. 
The artisans in the south generally seem to be classed in groups, 
one caste comprising several different handicrafts, the principal of 
which is that of the Panchalas or Pancham-Bandams, comprising 
carpenters, blacksmiths, coppersmiths, masons and another which has 
escaped me. ; ; 
The principal low caste tribes are the Palli or Pallers, and the Pariahs, 
who, though somewhat similar m name, are quite distinct and in fact 
seem to be a good deal opposed to one another one (the Pallers ;) 
forming the lowest grade of what are called the right hand castes, 
the other (the Pariahs) holding the same place among the left hand 
castes. Then there are the robber castes, Kallars and Marawars. If 
have been unable to make out accurately whether these are the same 
or different, whether Marawar is the name of the tribe and Kallar 
only means robber, or whether there are two tribes. However pre- 
datory their disposition, they are not all now robbers, but seem to 
form a considerable portion of the settled inhabitants of the extreme 
south of the Peninsula. In one place I find the Marawars described 
as very aborigmal in feature, and in that respect giving much ground 
for the belief that they are descended from the monkeys who assisted 
in the conquest of Ceylon, while in another place they are said to 
be well made and featured and of a martial disposition. Probably 
they vary very much, accordingly as they are more or less crossed 
with Arians. The Tondimans people are, it appears, mostly Kallars. 
There seems to be a great resemblance between the position of the 
