river, near the arctic circle. In Finland it likewise ranges far north ; for I have received its eggs 

 from the neighbourhood of Uleaborg, and Wolley procured them on the borders of Finland, 

 some distance within the polar circle. It is, however, much more common in the southern than 

 in the northern districts of that country. Mr. Sabanaeff informs me that it breeds in the 

 Government of Jaroslaf, but is rare there. He gives its northern limit as about 58° N. lat., but 

 states that Kessler met with it on the west side of Lake Onega. Mr. Goebel obtained it near 

 Archangel ; but Meves only observed it once at Schlusselburg. Respecting its range in Central 

 Russia, Mr. Sabanaeff further states that it breeds in the Government of Moscow, though, 

 curiously enough, it is said not to remain in the Government of Kazan during the summer 

 season. Lemann met with it in the Bashkir country (near Schadrinsk) ; and it breeds, according 

 to Sabanaeff s own experience, in the Central Ural. Eversmann records it as inhabiting the 

 Kirghis steppes ; but Bogdanoff found it very rare along the banks of the Volga. It also bi'eeds 

 in the Governments of Charkoff, Kieff, and Voronege. I have no data respecting its occurrence 

 in the Baltic Provinces and Poland, where it doubtless breeds in suitable localities; but 

 throughout Northern Germany it is met with here and there, though Borggreve states it is, 

 generally speaking, rather rare than otherwise, but is most numerous in Thuringia, and is met 

 with breeding as high as 2000 feet above the sea-level in the mountains. I have eggs from 

 Pomerania and from various parts of Rhenish Prussia, and was told that it breeds in the Black 

 Forest and in various portions of the districts skirting the Rhine. In Denmark, Mr. Benzon 

 informs me, it appears annually in large flocks on the spring and autumn passage, and occa- 

 sionally a pair or two remain to breed, but its nest is seldom found. He once obtained its eggs 

 from the Thoreby Forest, on Laaland, taken on the 13th June. 1868. In Holland it has on 

 several occasions, Mr. Labouchere informs me, been found breeding near the German frontier; 

 and Mr. Van Wickevoort Crommelin writes to me that it is a rare visitant in the autumn, and 

 occasionally breeds on the dunes in the north of that country. It is said to be rare in Belgium, 

 and more so in Luxemburg, but breeds sparingly in the wooded districts of the Ardennes and 

 the Moselle. In France it is rare in the northern provinces, and, with the exception of a few 

 which breed near the Belgian frontier, it is principally observed in the autumn during passage ; 

 but in the south and south-eastern districts, especially in Provence, Anjou, Auvergne, and the 

 Hautes Pyrenees, it is said to be common. Professor Barboza du Bocage does not include it in 

 his list of the birds of Portugal ; but it is met with in Spain in the spring on passage north- 

 ward, and Colonel Irby remarks that the migration extends over some twenty days, being at its 

 climax about the 8th May, and the latest flight he saw was on the 15th of that month. Neither 

 this gentleman nor Mr. Saunders, however, has met with it breeding in that country. In Savoy 

 it is very rare, but occurs during passage, and has been known to remain and breed there ; nor 

 is it numerous in Italy, where it also occurs on passage. Docleiiein thinks that it breeds in 

 wooded portions of the Apennines above Modena; and it is, he says, numerous in Sicily during 

 the spring passage ; but it has not been recorded from Sardinia. Mr. C. A. Wright writes (Ibis, 

 1864, p. 45) that in Malta it " passes annually in March, April, and May, and again in September 

 and October, and is not uncommon. Flocks of six to a dozen are sometimes seen migrating 

 together." Lord Lilford speaks of it as being exceedingly rare in the Ionian Islands; and it 

 was not recorded from Greece previous to two specimens having been obtained in Attica in 



