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in Holland; but Messrs. Salvin and Brodrick say that, so far as they can ascertain, only two 

 specimens have been taken, at the huts at Valkensvaard. Professor Blasius writes (Naum. Yog. 

 Deutschl. xiii. pt. ii. p. 23) that North Germany, as a rule, is only visited by young examples of 

 this species in the winter season; and the same gentleman states (Ibis, 1862, p. 65) that it has 

 been found on Heligoland. In Northern Scandinavia, as above stated, it is resident ; and 

 Mr. Robert Collett states that " it breeds commonly on the Norwegian fells above the Polar 

 circle, and is most commonly found round the Varanger fiord and along the more elevated fells 

 of Nordland and Trondhjems stifts, and on the Dovre and Langtfjelds and their branch ranges 

 down to the Thelemarksfjelds in Christiansand stift. It visits the lowlands sparingly in the 

 autumn and winter, and has been on several occasions shot in the southern coastal districts, as at 

 Christiania, in Smaalehnene on the Skiensfjord, at Christiansand, and is said to be tolerably 

 common on the Jsederen and at Stavanger and Bergen. Formerly the most of the Jer Falcons 

 were taken in Finmark, in Romsdals Lehn, on the Dovre, on the Osterdalsfjelds, and on the 

 Thelemarksfjelds." On the Swedish side it is found in Lapland, and, according to Professor 

 Sundevall, occurs sometimes in Norrland and but rarely in Southern Sweden, whereas in Finland 

 it is only found in the high north. Professor Malmgren believes that a Falcon which was seen 

 on the eastern side of the entrance to Wyde Bay, in Spitzbergen, cannot have been any thing but 

 the present species ; and Von Heuglin writes (Ibis, 1872, p. 61) as follows : — " We observed, both 

 in Matthew's Strait and also in Kostin Shar, two large Falcons, which are certainly to be referred 

 to the above-named species;" and Mr. Gillett says (Ibis, 1870, p. 304), "I saw two large 

 Falcons, which I imagine were of the Norwegian form, flying over the ship by Vaigat's Island, at 

 the entrance of the Kara Sea; both were in immature plumage; but I could not obtain a 

 specimen." So far as I can gather, the present species extends right across Asia into North 

 America, from which latter country I have seen undoubted examples. It certainly is found in 

 Northern Russia, in the vicinity of Archangel; and the various travellers who have visited 

 Novaya Zemlya speak of a large Falcon, which probably should be referred to this species. 

 Mr. Sabanaeff informs me that it breeds in the Moscow Government, but has only been observed 

 in that of Jaroslaf during passage. It also breeds in the district of Dorogobugesk, in the 

 Smolensk Government. In the Ural it is, he says, rarer than the Peregrine and the Saker, but 

 is found on the western side and in the northern parts of the Perm Ural. How far to the south 

 in Russia it occurs I cannot with certainty say; but it doubtless does not straggle far to the 

 south. In Siberia it was certainly met with by Von Middendorff, who says that all he saw wore 

 a dark plumage, thus showing that the species observed by him was the true Jer Falcon. He 

 writes (Sib. Reise, p. 127) as follows : — " In the Taimyr country I first observed this Falcon, 

 near the Nowaja river, on the 20th May, when it was probably passing northwards towards its 

 breeding-haunts ; for when we approached the Arctic Ocean in August I again saw it frequently, 

 and met with it as far as Baer Island, in 75|° N. lat." Dr. Radde obtained a young male from 

 the Apfelgebirge, which, from his description, appears to have been the young of the present 

 species, though he compares it to a dark young bird of the true Greenland Falcon, and to 

 the bird referred to by Pallas under the name of Falco lanarius. He writes (Reis. im Siid. v. 

 Ost-Sib. p. 99) that it is found, though rarely, throughout the country he visited, excepting the 

 Mongolian elevated steppes, but is rare, and only young birds were observed during the winter 



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