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found this bird on the islands near Naxos in 1862, all the available information published 

 respecting its habits consisted of the few notes from the pens of Dr. Erhard, Lindermayer, and 

 Count von der Muhle. Dr. Erhard described it as a new species under the name of Falco 

 dichrous. Count von der Muhle speaks of it as Falco concolor; and Lindermayer includes in 

 his work, the ' Birds of Greece,' published in 1860, four species, Falco arcadieus, Lind., Falco 

 concolor, Temm., Falco eleonorce, Gene, and Falco dichrous, Erh., all of which must be referred 

 to the present species, which has by several authors been confounded with the true Falco 

 concolor, though the latter has not been known to occur in Europe. To the eastward the 

 present species has been found in Syria, a specimen having been, according to Gene, obtained 

 at Beyrout ; and Canon Tristram, writing on the ornithology of Palestine, says that " this bird 

 was several times seen by us in spring, but not in winter ; and a pair were found breeding in the 

 Bukaa, near the village of Zebdany, in the beginning of June. Here, as in Algeria, it seems to 

 be the very latest of all Raptores in its nidification." The present species does not occur in North- 

 eastern Africa, being there replaced by a closely allied species (Falco concolor, Temm.) ; but it has 

 been recorded from Madagascar ; for Mr. John Henry Gurney, whose authority on any question 

 relating to Raptorial birds is unimpeachable, writes as follows : — " The Norwich Museum possesses 

 the example of a Falcon, under the name of Falco radama, as having been taken at sea off the 

 east coast of Madagascar. I have the testimony of Mr. Edward Newton that this specimen closely 

 resembles the example preserved in the Museum of St. Denis, the capital of Reunion, and 

 described, under the name of F. radama, by M. Maillard in his work on that island, as having 

 been obtained there, which testimony is also confirmed by a comparison of the description with 

 the Norwich bird.. But further comparison also shows that this last agrees completely with a 

 specimen of H. eleonorce in a similar stage of plumage from the Greek archipelago ; and it there- 

 fore appears that the species last mentioned extends its range to Madagascar, and occasionally 

 also to Reunion — a fact of which MM. Schlegel and Pollen do not seem to be aware." Messrs. 

 Roch and Newton both met with this bird on Madagascar ; and the former obtained the specimen 

 above referred to by Mr. Gurney, respecting which the following particulars were given (Ibis, 

 1862, p. 266) : — " On my return journey from the capital, near the summit of the Ambodinangavo 

 mountain (the highest we crossed), a Falcon, apparently of this species, came hovering over the 

 peak, just as I fired right and left at a brace of Quail (Margaroperdix striata), one of which 

 dropped dead, the other flying over the hill-side. Instantly the Falcon, undisturbed by the 

 report of the gun, made a stoop at the falling Quail, within thirty or forty paces of where I 

 stood ; missing the bird it flew towards the rocky cliffs on the south side of the path, when it was 

 joined by its mate, carrying a bird. As they approached the cliffs, I could hear their young 

 crying. I (S. R.) obtained a specimen of this bird on leaving Tamatave towards the end of 

 November, when about fifteen miles from land ; after hovering about the ship for some time it 

 rested on the rigging, thus enabling me to shoot it. It is a young male in good plumage." As 

 will be seen from the above, the specimen referred to is in immature plumage ; and, considering 

 how closely the young of the present species and of Falco concolor resemble each other, we think 

 it not impossible that future research may prove that this latter only, and not Falco eleonorce, is 

 the bird found in Madagascar. This present species is found in Algeria ; and the bird referred 

 to by Captain Loche under the name of Hypotriorchis concolor is most probably this bird in the 



