intervals, and then, as a rule, but singly, although my brother-in-law records the simultaneous 

 appearance of three or four in the spring of 1843, and of a pair some years previously." In 

 Ireland, Thompson states, it is only known as an occasional visitor ; and it has not been recorded 

 from Iceland ; but Professor Newton says that a single specimen was obtained at Godhavn, in 

 Greenland, by Mr. Whymper, and sent to Copenhagen ; and Mr. H. C. Miiller records one 

 instance of its occurrence in the Faeroes. In Scandinavia it is common and generally distributed, 

 but only during the summer season. Mr. Robert Collett informs me that it arrives in Norway late 

 in April, and breeds on most of the lakes, though nowhere numerously. It is found from Christian- 

 sand to the Varanger fiord, both in the lowlands and in the mountains up to the birch-region. It 

 migrates southward in October when ice begins to form on the lakes. Sundevall says that it is found 

 throughout Sweden as far north as the forest extends, and is a summer visitant, arriving in April 

 and leaving in September. Pastor Sommerfelt says that it breeds at Karasjok, Alten, and Enare, 

 and possibly in the conifer-woods in South Varanger, and on the Tana river, where it is known 

 to the river and fell Lapps, and he saw it at Polmak in 1855. I met with it in most parts of 

 Finland, from Wiborg to the Lapland frontier ; and Von Wright says that it occurs throughout 

 that country, both on the coast and on the inland lakes during the summer. In Russia it occurs 

 at least as far north as Archangel. Sabanaeff met with it in various parts of the Governments of 

 Jaroslaf and Vologda, especially on the Lake of Kuben. It has also been observed near Moscow 

 and in the Government of Tula. He met with it on the Ural ; but it was numerous only on 

 those lakes which abound with fish in the districts of Ekaterinburg and Shadrinsk. In the latter 

 district it builds in almost woodless parts. Meves met with the Osprey on all the larger Lakes 

 from the Novaja Ladoga up to Archangel. He writes that he saw an Osprey flying from Lake 

 Ladoga to a neighbouring wood with a fish in its claws. It held the fish by the head ; and the 

 whole of the hinder part stuck up in the air, higher than the bird's back, looking like a flag. 



In a letter from Dr. Severtzoff, this gentleman informs me that it breeds on the Don and 

 Bivioug (a river flowing into the Don), in the Voronege Government, where it arrives about the 

 middle or end of April, and leaves late in September or early in October. 



In the Baltic provinces and the eastern portion of North Germany it is a regular summer 

 visitant, being most numerous on the inland lakes of Brandenburg, Pomerania, and Prussia — but 

 is much rarer in Western Germany, where it is only rarely known to breed. Kj£erb6lling says 

 that it is not uncommon in Denmark, and breeds in Seeland, on Lolland and Falster. Mr. Bonnez 

 obtained its eggs in Jutland. It occurs in Western Germany on passage ; and Mr. Sachse, writing 

 from Altenkirchen, in Rhenish Prussia, informs me that he only sees it there now and again on 

 the autumn passage, but a pair sometimes nest in the forests near Neuwied ; and Steinbrenner 

 records it as breeding near Frankfort-on-the-Main. Mr. Labouchere informs me that it is rare in 

 Holland, but it is said to have bred there; and it is stated to be rare also in Belgium, occurring 

 here and there on the Meuse and Scheldt ; but it is said to nest occasionally on the Upper 

 Meuse in the Luxemburg territory. In France it occurs annually in the northern provinces 

 during passage, and is tolerably common towards the south and east ; and Professor Barboza du 

 Bocage records it from Portugal, where, he states, it is common. It occurs in Spain, both in the 

 summer and in the winter season ; but Colonel Irby states (Orn. Str. Gibr. p. 55) that it is most 

 abundant in the Straits in winter, a pair nest on the rocks westward of Tangier, and another 



